Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2020.638.649In vitro Evaluation and in vivo Digestibility of Physically, Chemically and Biologically Treated Jatropha Meal]]>Yosri Kamel EmamAlaa Hamed Abd El-RahmanHashem Ahmed Abd El-Fattah El-NomearyYasser Ahmed HanafyMohamed Mohamed MahmoudAdel Eid 52020235Background and Objective: Protein considered the second main nutrient in diet formulation for all types of animals after energy. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different treatments on the nutritive value of Jatropha meal (JM) by in vitro and in vivo trials as protein source in sheep diet. Materials and Methods: Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, gas production and phorbol esters (PE) were recorded for physically, chemically and biologically treated Jatropha meal. In vivo digestibility was measured by using 24 Barki rams randomly assigned into 4 nutritional groups (6 animals/treatment) as follow: 1) control ration and in 2, 3 and 4 groups cotton seed meal replaced with 30, 45 and 60% heated Jatropha meal (HJM). Results: The various treatments raised DM (Dry matter), CP (Crude protein), NFE (Nitrogen free extract) and ash, whereas reduced OM (Organic matter), CF (Crude fiber) and EE (Ether extract) content in JM, the results of in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) have a significant height (p<0.01) for physical followed by the chemical and biological treatments. Otherwise high significant results (p<0.01) for gas production for different treatments was observed. The different treatments decreased the concentration of PE in JM than untreated. Conclusion: It can be concluded that all treatments especially heat enhanced chemical composition, IVDMD of JM and gas production. Feeding values were better with the ratio 30 and 45%.]]>Fourie, P.J., L.M. Schwalbach, F.W.C. Neser and C. van der Westhuizen,2004545359El-Gamassy, I.,2008Jatropha utilizing treated wastewater in Luxor.]]>2008Teves, J.F.C. and J.A. Ragaza,20168154171Asuk, A.A., M.A. Agiang, K. Dasofunjo and A.J. Willie,2015Jatropha curcas.]]>5650657Abo El-Maaty, H.M., A.Y. El-Khateeb, A.S. El-Naggar, S.K. Sherif and E.A. El-Said,201810471484Aslani, M.R., M. Maleki, M. Mohri, K. Sharifi, V. Najjar-Nezhad and E. Afshari,2007Ricinus communis) toxicosis in a sheep flock.]]>49400406Barros, C.R., M.A.M. Rodrigues, F.M. Nunes, M.C.M. Kasuya and J.M.R. da Luz et al.,2015Jatropha curcas seed meal on growth performance and internal organs development and lesions in broiler chickens.]]>1716Makkar, H.P.S. and K. Becker,2009Jatropha curcas, a promising crop for the generation of biodiesel and value-added coproducts.]]>111773787Michael, K.G., O.A. Sogbesan, L.U. Onyia and S.M. Shallangwa,2019Jatropha curcas seed meals.]]>7131136Makkar, H.P.S., V. Kumar and K. Becker,20122012pp: 351-378pp: 351-378Orji, S.L., J.U. Ewansiha and I.G. Orji,2019Jatropha curcas kernel meal.]]>2019Belewu, M.A., K.Y. Belewu and F.O. Ogunsola,2010Jatropha curcas kernel cake: Voluntary intake, growth and digestibility coefficient of goat.]]>1135138Belewu, M.A., K.Y. Belewu and I.A. Lawal,2011Jatropha curcas kernel cake: Effect on feed intake and blood parameters of goat.]]>2138143De Barros, L.V., M.F. Paulino, S.D.C.V. Filho, E. Detmann and F.G. da Silva et al.,201140852859Katole, S., S.K. Saha, V.R.B. Sastry, M.H. Lade and B. Prakash,2011Jatropha curcas) meal.]]>1702126Hawash, S., N. Kamal and G. El Diwani,2008538470474Makkar, H.P.S., A.O. Aderibigbe and K. Becker,1998Jatropha curcas for chemical composition, digestibility, protein degradability and toxic factors.]]>62207215Anandan, S., G.K.A. Kumar, J. Ghosh and K.S. Ramachandra,2005120159168Horwitz, W. and G.W. Latimer,200518th Edn.,Pages: 26Pages: 26Spackman, D.H., W.H. Stein and S. Moore,19583011901206Moore, S., D.H. Spackman and W.H. Stein,19583011851190Tilley, J.M.A. and R.A. Terry,1963in vitro digestion of forage crops.]]>18104111Theodorou, M.K., B.A. Williams, M.S. Dhanoa, A.B. McAllan and J. France,199448185197Mauricio, R.M., F.L. Mould, M.S. Dhanoa, E. Owen, K.S. Channa and M.K. Theodorou,1999in vitro gas production technique for ruminant feedstuff evaluation.]]>79321330Onodera, R. and C. Henderson,1980Entodinium caudatum.]]>48125134Makkar, H.P.S. and K. Becker,1997Jatropha curcas toxicity: Identification of toxic principles.]]>1997SAS.,1998Duncan, D.B.,195511142Makkar, H.P.S., G. Francis and K. Becker,2008Jatropha curcas screw-pressed seed cake and toxic and antinutritional factors in protein concentrate.]]>8815421548Martinez-Herrera, J., P. Siddhuraju, G. Francis, G. Davila-Ortiz and K. Becker,2006Jatropha curcas L. from Mexico.]]>968089Xiao, J., H. Zhang, L. Niu, X. Wang and X. Lu,2011Jatropha curcas meal.]]>5940404044Rakshit, K.D., J. Darukeshwara, K.R. Raj, K. Narasimhamurthy, P. Saibaba and S. Bhagya,2008Jatropha curcas) in rats.]]>4636213625Ojediran, T.K., Y.A. Adisa, S.A. Yusuf and I.A. Emiola,2014Jatropha curcas kernel meals: Effect on growth performance of broiler chicks.]]>411101121De Souza, A.D.V., S.P. Favaro, L.C.V. Itavo and R. Roscoe,20104413281335, (In Portuguese)Gado, H.M., H.M. Metwally, H.S. Soliman and E.R.I. Abd El-Galil,200710123149Guedes, R.E., F. de Almeida Cruz, M.C. de Lima, L.D. Sant'Ana, R.N. Castro and M.F. Mendes,2014Jatropha curcas seed cake using chemical treatment: Analysis with a central composite rotatable design.]]>52537543Antyev, M., B. Yakubu, Y.H. Aliyara and R.J. Wafar,2017Jatropha curcas seed meal on growth performance and blood profile of broiler finisher chickens.]]>419Abo El-Fadel, M.H., A.M. Hussein and A.H. Mohamed,2011Jatropha curcas meal on lambs ration and it's effect on lambs performance.]]>7129132Abd El-Rahman, H.H., A.A. Abedo, F.M. Salman, M.I. Mohamed and M.M. Shoukry,2011101545615461Apiwatanapiwat, W., P. Vaithanomsat, P. Somkliang and T. Malapant,2009Jatropha curcas cake.]]>3109112Antyev, M.,2018Jatropha curcas seed meal in poultry production.]]>2018Kumar, V., H.P.S. Makkar, G. Francis and K. Becker,2010Jatropha curcas kernel meal: Effects on growth performance and metabolic efficiency in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. ]]>3611591170Ruales, J. and B.M. Nair,1994in vitro digestibility of protein and starch in quinoa seeds.]]>29449456Triastuty, L.G., Despal and I.G. Permana,2009Jatropha curcas) meal for ruminant.]]>9094101Oskoueian, E., N. Abdullah, W.Z. Saad, A.R. Omar, M.B. Puteh and Y.W. Ho,2011Jatropha curcas kernel meal on rumen fermentation in vitro.]]>10214220Devappa, R.K. and B. Swamylingappa,200888911919Chivandi, E., J.P. Mtimuni, J.S. Read and S.M. Makuza,2004Jatropha curcas provenance: A potential livestock feed.]]>710011005Katole, S., S.K. Saha, A. Das, V.R.B. Sastry, M.H. Lade and B. Prakash,20134515631569Aregheore, E.M., K. Becker and H.P.S. Makkar,2003Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats.]]>215156Deshpande, K.Y.,2012Jatropha curcas meal in sheep and dairy cattle.]]>2012Li, Y., L. Chen, Y. Zhang, J. Wu and Y. Lin et al.,2018Jatropha curcas kernel meal: Effects on performance, nutrient utilization and meat edibility of growing pigs.]]>31888898Wang, D.G.,2012Jatropha curcas kernel meal on performance and health in broilers.]]>2012Singh, P., V.R.B. Sastry, A.K. Garg, A.K. Sharma, G.R. Singh and D.K. Agrawal,2006Pongamia pinnata) seed cake on the performance of lambs.]]>126157167Mampane, K.J., P.H. Joubert and I.T. Hay,1987Jatropha curcas: Use as a traditional Tswana medicine and its role as a cause of acute poisoning.]]>15051Da Silva, C.E.L., S. Minguzzi, R.C.L. da Silva, M.F.C. Matos and D. Tofoli et al.,2015Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill (Euphorbiaceae).]]>26233238