Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2014.504.510Withania somnifera on Some Liver Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters in Male Guinea Pigs]]>Al-AwthanYahya S. HezabrSamira M. Al-ZubairiAisha M. Al-HemiriFaten A. 42014174Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides constitute one of the most widely used classes of pesticides being employed for both agricultural and landscape pest control. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dimethoate (DM), an organophosphorus insecticide, on some biochemical and histopathological parameters in liver of adult male guinea pigs as well as the possible role of Withania somnifera extract in attenuation of DM-induced hepatotoxicity. The animals were divided randomly into 5 groups and kept at 5 animals per group in an environmentally controlled condition with free access to food and water ad libitum. The first group was served as a control group and administered with olive oil orally; the group II received aqueous extract of W. somnifera (100 mg kg-1 b.wt.) orally, group III, IV and V was administered with DM (14 mg kg-1; 1/25LD50) for 21 days orally. Group IV and V received 100 mg kg-1 of W. somnifera extract and silymarin, respectively half hour before DM administration for 21 days. DM caused a statistically significant increase in the serum level of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) when compared to control animals, whereas, W. somnifera and silymarin pre-treatment to the DM-intoxicated animals resulted in a significant normalization of the enzymes activities. On the other hand W. somnifera extract reduced the incidence of histopathological changes such as cytoplasmic vacuolization and degeneration in nuclei, rupture of epithelia lining the central vein, widened sinusoidal space and lymphocyte infiltration induced by DM treatment in guinea pigs. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that W. somnifera aqueous extract could protect the liver against DM-induced oxidative damage.]]>Ahmed, R.S., V. Seth, S.T. Pasha and B.D. Banerjee,2000Zingiber officinales Rosc) on oxidative stress induced by malathion in rats.]]>38443450Al-Awthan, Y.S., M.A. Al-Douis, G.H. El-Sokkary and E.M. Aqlan,20125919Al-Dubaie, A.S. and A.A. Al-Khulaidi,1996Al-Wabel, M.I., M.H. El-Saeid, A.M. Al-Turki and G. Abdel-Nasser,20115269278Aly, N.M. and K.S. El-Gendy,2000357786Anbalagan, K. and J. Sadique,198119245249Aqlan, E.M.K.,20082008Badary, O.A.,199967135142Bagchi, D., M. Bagchi, E.A. Hassoun and S.J. Stohs,1995In vitro and in vivo generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and lactate dehydrogenase leakage by selected pesticides.]]>104129140Bhatnagar, M., S.S. Sisodia and R. Bhatnagar,2005Asparagus racemosus WILLD and Withania somnifera DUNAL in rats.]]>1056261278Buyukokuroglu, M.E., M. Cemek, M. Tosun, Y. Yurumez, O. Bas and Y. Yavuz,200892156163Chaurasia, S.S., S. Panda and A. Kar,2000Withania somnifera root extract in the regulation of lead-induced oxidative damage in the male mouse.]]>41663666Cromheecke, M., A.W. Konings, B.G. Szabo and H.J. Hoekstra,20004717321740Devi, P.U., A.C. Sharada, F.E. Solomon and M.S. Kamath,1992In vivo growth inhibitory effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on a transplantable mouse tumour, Sarcoma 180.]]>30169172Dhuley, J.N.,199860173178El-Elaimy, I.A. and S.A. Gabr,199065461El-Saeid, M.H., A.M. Al-Turki, M.I. Al-Wable and G. Abdel-Nasser,20115171178Elsakka, M., E. Grigorescu, U. Stanescu, U. Stanescu and V. Dorneanu,1990Withania somnifera species.]]>94385387IARC,19831983Jacob, R.A. and B.J. Burri,199663985S990SJayaratnam, J. and M. Maroni,1994911527Ju, J.B., J.S. Kim, C.W. Choi, H.K. Lee, T.K. Oh and S.C. Kim,2008115110115King, J.,19651965pp: 191-208pp: 191-208Maiti, P.K. and A. Kar,19979116Maiti, P.K., P. Gupta, S.S. Chaurasia and A. Kar,199657335340Mansour, H.H. and H.F. Hafez,2012Withania somnifera against radiation-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.]]>801419Mansour, S.A. and A.T.H. Mossa,2010961423Mishra, L.C., B.B. Singh and S. Dagenais,2000Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): A review.]]>5334346Mohan, R., H. Hammers, P. Bargagna-Mohan, X. Zhan and C. Herbstritt et al.,20047115122Nagababu, E., B. Ssikeran and N. Lakshmaiah,199523617627Poet, T.S., A.A. Kousba, S.L. Dennison and C. Timchalk,20042510131030Ramadan, L.A., H.M. Roushdy, G.M. Abu Senna, N.E. Amin and O.A. El-Deshw,200245447454Salem, M.L., 2005Nigella sativa L. seed. ]]>517491770Sayim, F.,200759237243Shakoori, A.R., F. Aziz, J. Alam and S.S. Ali,199022289300Sharma, Y., S. Bashir, M. Irshad, S.D. Gupta and T.D. Dogra,20052064957Sivarajan, V.V. and I. Balachandran,1994Sivapiriya, V., Jayanthisakthisekaran and S. Venkatraman,200685115121Srivastava, M.K. and R.B. Raizada,199634329333Tietz, N.W.,1982pp: 674pp: 674Travlos, G.S., R.W. Morris, M.R. Elwell, A. Duke, S. Resenblum and M.B. Thompson,19961071729WHO,1997pp: 3-10pp: 3-10WHO/PCS,19961996Yarsan, E. and O. Cakir,200686106109