Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2014.301.315TiwariRuchi DhamaKuldeep ChakrabortySandip KumarAmit RahalAnu KapoorSanjay 32014173Since the discovery of bacteriophages at the beginning of
the 19th century their contribution to bacterial evolution and ecology and use
in a variety of applications in biotechnology and medicine has been recognized
and understood. Bacteriophages are natural bacterial killers, proven as best
biocontrol agents due to their ability to lyse host bacterial cells specifically
thereby helping in disease prevention and control. The requirement of such therapeutic
approach is straight away required in view of the global emergence of Multidrug
Resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria and rapidly developing resistance to antibiotics
in both animals and humans along with increasing food safety concerns incuding
of residual antibiotic toxicities. Phage typing is a popular tool to differentiate
bacterial isolates and to identify and characterize outbreak-associated strains
of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia and Listeria.
Numerous methods viz. plaque morphology, ultracentrifugation in the density
gradient of CsCl2, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) have
been found to be effective in detection of various phages. Bacteriophages have
been isolated and recovered from samples of animal waste products of different
livestock farms. High titer cocktails of broad spectrum lytic bacteriophages
are usually used for clinical trial for assessing their therapeutic efficacy
against antibiotic unresponsive infections in different animals. Bacteriophage
therapy also helps to fight various bacterial infections of poultry viz. colibacillosis,
salmonellosis and listeriosis. Moreover, the utility of phages concerning biosafety
has raised the importance to explore and popularize the therapeutic dimension
of this promising novel therapy which forms the topic of discussion of the present
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