Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2012.215.223AllouhMohammed Z. AldirawiMohammed H. 52012155Sustanon is one of the most commonly used anabolic androgenic
drugs to increase skeletal muscle mass and strength. This drug is a blend of
four esterized testosterone derivatives: Testosterone propionate, testosterone
phenylpropionate, testosterone isocaproate and testosterone decanoate. Little
is known about the effects of this drug on skeletal muscle at the cellular level.
This study aimed to investigate the influence of Sustanon on the morphology
of skeletal muscle fibers and the distribution of myogenic stem cells known
as Satellite Cells (SCs) during postnatal growth. We hypothesized that Sustanon-induced
skeletal muscle hypertrophy is associated with an increase in the number of
SCs. Robust immunocytochemical techniques and morphometric analyses were used
to calculate the numbers of SCs and myonuclei within the pectoralis muscle of
chickens. Also, DNA concentration and Pax7 protein levels were measured to confirm
immunocytochemical findings. Sustanon significantly increased pectoralis mass
and fiber size. All SC indices and the number of myonuclei increased significantly
by Sustanon administration. In addition, greater DNA concentration and Pax7
protein expression were found in Sustanon-treated birds. This study indicates
that Sustanon can induce avian skeletal muscle hypertrophy and that this is
correlated with increased numbers of SCs and myonuclei.]]>Abramoff, M.D., P.J. Magelhaes and S.J. Ram,2004113642Adams, G.R., V.J. Caiozzo, F. Haddad and K.M. Baldwin,2002283C1182C1195Allouh, M.Z.,2011Ferula hermonis root extract on rat skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise.]]>23613731378Allouh, M.Z. and B.W. Rosser,201025133140Allouh, M.Z. and M.H. Aldirawi,2012295792799Allouh, M.Z., Z. Yablonka-Reuveni and B.W. Rosser,2008567787Alway, S.E. and P.M. Siu,2008365157Anderson, R.A., H. Zhu, L. Cheng and D.T. Baird,200266357364Bandman, E. and B.W. Rosser,200050473491Beg, T., Y.H. Siddique, G. Ara, J. Gupta and M. Afzal,20084258263Beotra, A.,2005Bhasin, S., L. Woodhouse and T.W. Storer,20011702738Ahmed Bin Bisher, A.S., 2009Cavia porcellus).]]>9514523Bruusgaard, J.C., K. Liestol and K. Gundersen,200610020242030Carson, J.A., W.J. Lee, J. McClung and J.A. Hand,200293242250Cassens, R.G., C.C. Cooper and E.J. Briskey,196912300304Dhawan, J. and T.A. Rando,200515666673Dubowitz, V.,196528516519Dubowitz, V.,196528519524Ebrahimi, M.,200935055Eriksson, A., F. Kadi, C. Malm and L.E. Thornell,2005124167175Fitts, J.M., M.R. Klein and C.A. Powers,200425523534Gunderson, K. and J.C. Bruusgaard,200858626752681Handel, S.E. and N.C. Stickland,198696447457Hawke, T.J. and D.J. Garry,200191534551Hendricks, H.B., D.T. Lafferty, E.D. Aberle, M.D. Judge and J.C. Forrest,1971325761Kadi, F.,2008154522528Li, P., T. Akimoto, M. Zhang, R.S. Williams and Z. Yan,2006290C1461C1468Lowe, D.A. and S.E. Alway,1999296531539Marjani, M., S. Jamili, P.G. Mostafavi, M. Ramin and A. Mashinchian,2009Oreochromis mossambicus).]]>47174McCarthy, J.J., J. Mula, M. Miyazaki, R. Erfani and K. Garrison et al.,201113836573666McComas, A.J.,1996Pages: 401Pages: 401Mohamed, R.A., H.M. El Aasar, L.A. Mohamed and A.M. Abbas,20077161169Moore, D.T., P.R. Ferket and P.E. Mozdziak,20054138142Morgan, J.E. and T.A. Partridge,20033511511156O'Connor, R.S. and G.K. Pavlath,200710310991100Pala, A.,20033197202Pophal, S., P.E. Mozdziak and S.L. Vieira,20043758763Rosser, B.W.C., M.S. Dean and E. Bandman,200246747754Schmalbruch, H.,19821982pp: 235-265pp: 235-265Sinha-Hikim, I., J. Artaza, L. Woodhouse, N. Gonzalez-Cadavid and A.B. Singh et al.,2002283E154E164Sinha-Hikim, I., W.E. Taylor, N.F. Gonzalez-Cadavid, W. Zheng and S. Bhasin,20048952455255Velleman, S.G., K.E. Nestor, C.S. Coy, I. Harford and N.B. Anthony,20109417425Wills, S.,20052nd Edn.,Wohlfart, G.,194961599620Wozniak, A.C., J. Kong, E. Bock, O. Pilipowicz and J.E. Anderson,200531283300Zammit, P.S., T.A. Partridge and Z. Yablonka-Reuveni,20065411771191