Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2010.765.774MansourianAzad Reza1220101316The immune system protect individual from many pathogens exists within our environment and in human body, by destroying them through molecular and cellular mechanism of B and T cells of immune system. Autoimmunity is an adverse relation of immune system against non- foreign substances leaving behind either alters the normal function or destroying the tissue involved. Autoimmunity occur in genetically predispose persons with familial connections. The autoimmunity to the thyroid gland mainly consists of Hashimato thyroiditis and Grave's disease, the two end of spectrum in thyroid function of hypo and hyperactivity, respectively. The thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, thyroglobuline, enzymes of thyroid hormones synthesis are targeted by autoantibodies and cell- mediated reactions. The aim of this review is to explore the studies reported on the autoimmunity to the thyroid gland.]]>Amino, N., H. Mori,Y. Iwatani, S. Asari, Y. Izumiguchi and K. Miyai,198254587591Bach, J.F.,2002347911920Bagchi, N., T.R. Brown and R.S. Sundick,199513650545060Bartalena, L., F. Bogazzi, F. Pecori and E. Martino,19966345348Beierwaltes, W.H., R.H. Nishyama and D. Thyroiditis,196883501508Benvenga, S., F. Trimarchi and J. Robbins,198710605619Benvenga, S. and F. Trinarchi,200818429441Bogner, U., L. Hegedus, J.M. Hansen, R. Finke, and H. Schleusener,19951326974Bogner, U., H. Schleusener and J.R. Wall,198459734738Brix, T., K.O. Kyvik and L. Hegedus,200085536539Brix, T.H., K.O. Kyvik, K. Christensen and L. Hegedus,200186930936Brix, T.H., K.O. Kyvik and L. Hegedus,19988727734Brix, T.H., K. Christensen, N.V. Holm, B. Harvald and L.A. Hegedus,199848397400Buchanan, W.W., J. Crooks, W.D. Alexande, D.A. Kouteras, E.J.M. Wayne and K.G. Gray,19611245245Caso-Pleaez, E., A.M. McGregor and J.P. 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