Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2008.1561.1568GholipoorM. ShahsavaniS. 1220081112This simulation study was mainly aimed
to find the probable difference between sowing dates for response of four
chickpea cultivars to past climate change. Firstly, the model CYRUS was
recoded in QBASIC programming. Then phenology of cultivars Jam, Hashem,
Arman and Beauvanij, seeded at day of year 50, 70 and 90, was evaluated
during years 1961 to 2003 in Gorgan, Iran. The changes in some climatic
variables were also studied. Results revealed that the solar radiation
has been decreased for month December. Although the value of maximum temperature
appeared to be the same across years 1961 to 2003 for all months, that
of minimum temperature tended to show increasing trend for May and August.
The increase in number of days with temperature higher than 35 °C
was considerable for April and October, but negligible for other months.
The warming of night temperature was significant only for May and August.
It found about 34 mm per 43 years decrease in monthly rainfall for March.
The rate of increase in number of days with rainfall was 0.0737 day per
year for December. Nearly similar situation was found for number of days
with rainfall lower than and/or equal to 10 mm. The change in number of
days with rainfall higher than 10 mm and lower and/or equal to 30 mm was
in decreasing manner (March, October and December). The length of time
from sowing to emergence appeared to be constant across past years. The
advance in flowering (R1) was true only for cultivar Jam seeded
at day of year 70. The length of period from R1 to pod initiation
(R3) has been diminished for sowing at day of year 70 (Jam
and Arman). Only cultivar Hashem seeded at day of year 90 tended to have
decreasing trend for length of period between R3 and pod filling.
It found one day (per 43 years) decreases from pod yellowing to maturity
for cultivar Beauvanij seeded at day of year 70. Based on these findings
and on the fact that future climate change is predicted using past changes,
it seems that the adaptation strategies for future, including agronomy
and/or breeding programs, may be not the same for different sowing dates
of chickpea.]]>Abakumova, G.M., E.M. Feigelson and V. Russak et al.,1996913191327Amir, J. and T.R. Sinclair,1991295969Brazdil, R., M. Budikova, I. Auer, R. Bohm and T. Cegnar et al.,199616765782Curry, R.B., R.M. Peart and J.W. Jones et al.,19902 using simulation.]]>3313831390Cutforth, H.W., B. Woodvin and R.J. McConkey et al.,199979343350Doorenbos, J. and W.O. Pruitt,19772nd Edn.pp: 179pp: 179Dore, M.H.L.,20053111671181Douglas, A.V. and P.J. Englehart,19991999pp: 246249Easterling, D.R., B. Horton, P.D. Jones, T.C. Peterson and T.R. Karl et al.,1997277364367Fitter, A.H., R.S.R. Fitter and I.T.B. Harris et al.,199595560Fiscus, E.L., C.D. Reid and J.E. Miller et al.,19972 reduces O3 flux and O3-induced yield losses in soybeans: Possible implications for elevated CO2 studies.]]>48307313Gholipoor, M. and A. Soltani, 20052005pp: 16851689Gholipoor, M. and A. Soltani, 20052005pp: 199201Gholipoor, M. and A. Soltani, 20062006pp: 440440Gholipoor, M., A. Soltani and S. Sharafi, 20062006pp: 159Gholipoor, M., A. Soltani F.B. Shekari and S. Karimi,20062006pp: 441Gholipoor, M.,20083131139Izaurralde, R.C., N.J. Rosenberg and R.A. Brown et al.,200311797122Karl, T.R., G. Kukla and J. Gavin,19842314891504Karl, T.R., P.D. Jones, R.W. Knight, G. Kukla and N. Plummer et al.,19937410071023Kirschbaum, M.U.F.,20046242253Knisel, W.G.,19801980Lu, P., Q. Yu and J. Liu et al.,2006138120131McInnes, K.L., R. Suppiah and P.H. Whetton et al.,20022002Menzel, A. and P. Fabian,1999397659663Olfert, O. and R.M. Weiss,2006Oulema melanopus, Meligethes viridescens and Ceutorhynchus obstrictus in Canada.]]>113295301Pielke, R.A., D.S. Niyogi and T.N. Chase et al.,200269107123Reddy, K.R., P.R. Doma and L.O. Mearns et al.,200222271281Ritchie, J.T.,19911991pp: 31-54pp: 31-54SAS,19891989Sinclair, T.R.,19941994pp: 509-532pp: 509-532Smith, I.N., P. McIntosh and T.J. Ansell et al.,20002019131930Soltani, A., K. Ghassemi-Golezani, F.R. Khooie and M. Moghaddam,199962213224Soltani, A., F.R. Khooie, K. Ghassemi-Golezani and M. Moghaddam,200068205210Soltani, A., B. Torabi, E. Zeinali and R. Sarparast,20043705708Soltani, A., S. Galeshi, M.R. Attarbashi and A.H. Taheri,200489369378Soltani, A., B. Torabi and H. Zarei,200591273285Soltani, A., M.J. Robertson and A.M. Manschadi,2006992434Soltani, A., G.L. Hammer, B. Torabi, M.J. Robertson and E. Zeinali,200699113Soltani, A., M.J. Robertson, Y. Mohammad-Nejad and A. Rahemi-Karizaki,2006991423Soltani, A., M.J. Robertson, B. Torabi, M. Yousefi-Daz and R. Sarparast,2006138156167Sparks, T.H., E.P. Jeffree and C.E. Jeffree,2000448287Stanhill, G. and S. Moreshet,1992215775Tanner, C.B. and T.R. Sinclair,19831983pp: 1-27pp: 1-27Tao, F., M. Yokozawa, Y. Hayashi and E. Lin,200395203215Vose, R.S., D.R. Easterling and B. Gleason,2005322330Weber, R.O., P. Talkner and G. Stefanicki,199421673676Zhai, P.M., A. Sun, F.M. Ren, X. Liu, B. Gao and Q. Zhang,199942203218Xie, Z. and H.X. Cao,199655151156