Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2006.1975.1978Larinioides ixobolus (Araneae: Araneidae)]]>YigitNazife BayramAbdullah DanismanTarik SancakZafer 102006910Larinioides ixobolus (Thorell, 873) is widely distributed throughout Middle Europe, Turkey and Middle Asia. The morphology of the venom apparatus of L. ixobolus using adult spiders that were collected from Kirikkale (Turkey) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The general organization of the venom apparatus of L. ixobolus is similar to other spiders` venom apparatus. The venom apparatus, situated in the anterior of the prosoma, is composed of a pair of chelicerae and venom glands. Each chelicera consists of a stout basal and a movable apical (fang) segments. The fang rests in a groove on the basal segment. Both sides of the cheliceral grooves are armed with three marginal teeth. To eject the venom, a venom pore is situated on the subterminal part of the fang. The venom glands of L. ixobolus are equal size and they look like a carrot. Each gland is surrounded by bulky muscular layer. Also, the nerve cells can be easily observed on the surface on the venom gland by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).]]>Foelix, R.F.,1982pp: 330pp: 330Frontali, N. and A. Grasso,1964Latrodectus tredecimguttatus.]]>106213218Grasso, A.,1992Latrodectus neurotoxins from venom gland to neuronal receptors.]]>30117122Kovoor, J. and A. Cuevas-Munoz,200019129140Levi, W.H. and L.R. Levi,1990pp: 160pp: 160Maretie, Z.,19871987pp: 142-159pp: 142-159Mebs, D., U. Kuch and J. Meier,1994Azemiops feae.]]>3212751278Menez, A., K. Zimmerman, S. Zimmerman and H. Heatwole,1990Ethmostigmus rubripes (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae).]]>206303312Moon, M.J. and E.K. Tillinghast,1996Latrodectus mactans.]]>261731Moon, M.J.,1996Agelena limbata (Araneae: Agelenidae).]]>39223230Ridling, M.W. and G.J. Phanuel,198986344354Santos, V.L.P., C.R.C. Franco, R.L.L. Viggiano, R.B. Silveira and M.P. Cantao et al.,2000Loxosceles intermedia (Brown spider).]]>38265285Schoeters, E., J.O. Schmidt and J. Billen,1997Pepsis pallidolimbata and biological use and activity of pepsis venom.]]>7510141019Yigit, N., T. Guven, A. Bayram and K. Cavusoglu,2004Agelena labyrinthica (Areneae, Agelenidae).]]>28149153Young, B.A., M. Blair, K. Zahn and J. Marvin,2001264415426