Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences1028-88801812-5735Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/pjbs.2001.103.106Biomphalaria arabica after Exposure to Heat Stress and Cadmium]]>Al-KhedhairyAbdulaziz A. 1200141This study focused on the analysis of polyubiquitin gene expression in Biomphalaria arabica after exposure to heat stress (42°C, 1-h), a treatment known to induce polyubiquitin gene expression from cell stress responsive promoters, and exposure to lethal and sublethal levels of cadmium (1, 2 and 3 mg/L, 336-h). Polyadenylated RNA was extracted and polyubiquitin gene expression was analysed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technology (RT-PCR) with primers complement to the 3` and 5` prime regions of ubiquitin repeats (polyubiquitin). Results were expressed in arbitrary units as a ratio of optical density of polyubiquitn/ actin electrophoretic bands. In heat stressed snails, the expression was 0.242 ± 0.012 and 0.785 ± 0.039 for control and heat-treated individuals, respectively. After cadmium exposure, the expression was 0.327 ± 0.013, 0.298 ± 0.012, 0.523 ± 0.021 and 0.612 ± 0,024 at concentrations of 1, 2 and 3 mg/L respectively. This suggests that alterations in polyubiquitin gene expression may be crucial to withstand cadmium toxicity and may be considered as a biomonitor for toxicity.]]>Acan, N.L. and E.F. Tezcan,1995543337Al-Khedhairy, A.A.,200111111Al-Khedhairy, A.A.,2000Biomphalaria arabica after exposure to cadmium.]]>35151161Ananthan, J., A.L. Goldberg and R. Voellmy,1986232522524Baker, R.T. and P.G. Board,19911910351040Bishoff, S.T. and L.M. Schwartz,19901860396043Bond, U. and M.J. Schlesinger,19855949956Brown, I.R., J.W. Cosgrove and B.D. Clark,19821982pp: 361-368pp: 361-368Cabrera, H.L., R. Barrio and C. Arribas,1992286281288Chomczynski, P. and N. Sacchi,1987162156159Finley, D., E. Ozkaynak and A. Varshavsky,19874810351046Hayashia, T., M. Nogaa and M. Matsudaa,19941218232234Hershko, A. and A. Ciechanover,199261761807Jentsch, S.,1992298103Jungmann, J., H.A. Reins, C. Schobert and S. Jentsch,1993361369371Koizumi, T. and Z.G. Li,1992372536Lardans, V., V. Ringaut, P. Duclermortier, J.P. Cadoret and C. Dissous,1997Biomphalaria glabrata actin cDNA.]]>7353356Lee, K.J. and G.M. Hahn,1988136411420Morselt, A.F.,1991701132Muller, L.,198640285295Neves, A.M., P. Guerreiro and C. Rodrigues-Pousada,19912173180Nenoi, M., K. Mita, S. Ichimura, I.L. Cartwright, E. Takahashi, M. Yamauchi and H. Tsuji,1996175179185Rechsteiner, M.,199166615618Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritsch and T.A. Maniatis,19891st Edn.,Simon, J.R., J.M. Treger and K. McEntee,1999Saccharomyces cerevisiae.]]>31823832Vallee, B.L. and D.D. Ulmer,19724191128Wedler, F.C.,19871987pp: 2-18pp: 2-18Wempe, F. and K.H. Scheit,19931172209211Wilkinson, K.D.,1988pp: 5-38pp: 5-38Wiborg, O., M.S. Pedersen, A. Wind, L.E. Berglund, K.A. Marcker and J. Vuust,19854755759