Pharmacologia2044-46482044-4656Science International10.3923/pharmacologia.2015.264.272Paullinia pinnata (Linn.), an Antityphoid Plant]]>LungaPaul K. NkodoJoseph M.M. TamokouJean D. KuiateJules-Roger GatsingDonatien TchoumboueJoseph 7201567Background and Objective:Paullinia pinnata is an African woody vine whose leaf decoction has been used in Cameroon for the treatment of bacterial infections like typhoid fever, syphilis, gonorrhea, diarrhoea and symptoms such as stomach-ache and waist pain. The present study was designed to evaluate the adverse side effects resulting from the use of P. pinnata methanol leaf extract in the treatment of Salmonella typhimurium-induced typhoid in Wistar rats. Methodology: After the establishment of infection by oral administration of a S. typhimurium suspension, animals were treated by the daily administration of P. pinnata methanol leaf extract at various doses (55.75, 111.50, 223 and 446 mg kg-1 b.wt.). The effect of the extract on body weight evolution was monitored daily. Results: Also, the effect of the extract on relative organ weight, biochemical parameters as well as liver histology was assessed. Irrespective of sex, typhoid fever induced an abnormal increase in the relative weight of most vital organs of toxicological importance. However, extract treatment normalized the excessive increase in relative organ weights; while inducing a significant (p<0.05) body weight gain in a dose-dependent manner. The level of liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced after the treatment of the animals with P. pinnata leaf extract. The histopathological analysis of the liver revealed that extract treatment greatly reduced the degree of liver affections in a dose-dependent manner. However, at high doses (dose ≥223 mg kg-1 b.wt.) the extract was capable of stimulating hepatic necrosis. Conclusion: The overall results of this study indicate that the methanolic extract of P. pinnata leaves has hepatoprotective effects especially in males. It has adverse side effects at high doses and even at low doses in female rats and thus, should be used with caution in male and should probably be eliminated from the treatment of female subjects.]]>Chhabra, S.C., R.L.A. Mahunnah and E.N. Mshiu,199133143157Jimoh, F.O., M.O. Sofidiya and A.J. Afolayan,2007Paullinia pinnata.]]>10707711Kofi, A., G. Stephen and A. Francis,2009Paullinia pinnata L.]]>4119123Lunga, P.K., J.D. Tamokou, S.P. Fodouop, J.R. Kuiate, J. Tchoumboue and D. Gatsing,2014Paullinia pinnata.]]>2014Harbone, J.B.,1973pp: 1-150pp: 1-150Tereschuk, M.L., M.V.Q. Riera, G.R. Castro and L.R. Abdala,1997Tagetes minuta.]]>56227232Shah, S.S., A.S. Wakade and A.R. Juvekar,2008Murraya koenigii (L.) spreng. leaves.]]>46505509Kamgang, R., E.V.P. Kamgne, M.C. Fonkoua, V.P.N. Beng and M.B. Sida,2006Mallotus oppositifolium on Shigella dysenteriae A1-induced diarrhoea in rats.]]>338994Mouokeu, R.S., R.A.N. Ngane, C. Tume, M.O. Kamtchueng and G.S.S. Njateng et al.,2013Crassocephalum bauchiense.]]>43847Cheesbrough, M.,19912nd Edn.,pp: 473-474pp: 473-474Vasiliades, J.,19762216641671Allain, C.C., L.S. Poon, C.S.G. Chan, W. Richmond and P.C. Fu,197420470475Bowie, L. and N. Gochman,1973195656Bergmeyer, H.U., P. Scheibe and A.W. Wahlefeld,1978245873Reitman, S. and S. Frankel,1957285663Venkataranganna, M.V., S. Gopumadhavan, R. Sundaram, G. Peer and S.K. Mitra,2008127 460466Gatsing, D., P.E.A. Nkeng, J.R. Kuiate and G.I. Adoga,2007Erythrina klainei Pierre (Fabaceae) bark extracts and fractions.]]>13541Mouokeu, R.S., R.A. Ngono Ngane, P.K. Lunga, M.M. Koanga and A.T. Tiabou et al.,2011Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh (Asteraceae).]]>2011Tiez, N.W.,19822nd Edn.,pp: 38pp: 38Thomson, A.B. and E.A. Shaffer,2005Ashley, C.,2004114853Loh, A.H.L. and A.H. Cohen,200938240250Marieb, E.N.,1999Pages : 1194Pages : 1194Hu, F.B., M.J. Stampfer, E.B. Rimm, J.E. Manson and A. Ascherio et al.,199928113871394