Pharmacologia2044-46482044-4656Science International10.3923/pharmacologia.2013.606.616Masularia acuminata (G. Don) Bullock ex Hoyle on Albino Rats and Mice]]>E. OlaOshomoh MacDonaldIdu O. DicksonUwaya 112013411Background: Traditional medicine also known as indigenous medicine comprises
of knowledge systems that developed over generations within various societies
before the era of modern medicine. Aim: This study is aimed at determining
the toxicological effect of aqueous extract of M. acuminata on rodent
species with specific attempt on acute and sub-acute studies. Methods:
Fresh stems of Masularia acuminata were collected dried, pulverized,
weighed and mixed with sterile distilled water, mixture left for 72 h and stirred
at 3 hourly, filtered and concentrated in a water bath and stored in a refrigerator.
Healthy, mature male rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing between 170-220
g and females, weighing between 155-165 g and mature male and female mice (Mus
musculus) weighing between 20-35 g were used for all the experiments. Histological
analysis was carried out on the following organs kidney, heart, spleen and liver.
Results: Results obtained from the acute toxicity study, indicated that
M. acuminata administered via intraperitoneal route, produced an LD50
of 56.23 mg kg-1 while through the oral route produce no sign of
toxicity or death in mice at 10,000 mg kg-1, suggesting a LD50
of above 10,000 mg kg-1 via oral route. Thus, referring to the Hodge
and Stemer scale, the orally administered extract of M. acuminata could
be considered practically non-toxic. The sub-acute treatment indicated that
M. acuminata in doses of 500, 1000 and 2500 mg kg-1 per day
orally during a 4 weeks consecutive period did not produce any death or any
clinical signs of toxicity. Analysis of blood parameters is relevant to risk
evaluation of alterations of the haematological system in humans. Conclusion:
No significant alterations of the haematological and biochemical parameters
of both male and female-treated rats can be attributed to the plant extract.
Histologically, there were minimal changes in the kidney comprising mainly of
mild interstitial vascular congestion, tissue separation across the dosages
and focal (isolated) infiltrates of lymphocytes in the cortex at 2500 mg kg-1.
There were minimal changes in the heart, ranging from mild vascular wall thickening
(hypertrophyl) at 500, 1000 and 2500 mg kg-1 to mild tissue separation
(oedema) at the two higher doses.]]>Adeshina, S.K.,19982915Balandrin, M.F., D.A. Kinghorn and N.R. Farnsworth,19931993pp: 1-11pp: 1-11Doumas, B.T. and T.W. Wu,199128415445Doumas, B.T., W.A. Watson and H.G. Biggs,1971318796Doumas, B.T., D.D. Bayse, R.J. Carter, T. Peters Jr. and R. Schaffer,19812716421650Gill, L.S.,1992Pages: 276Pages: 276Dwivedi, G. and S. Dwivedi,2007376777Gupta, M., U.K. Mazumder and S. Das,1994Clerodendron colebrookianum on hematological parameters and hepatorenal functions in mice.]]>32189191CCOHS.,200550 and LC50 Canada's National Occupational Health and Safety Resource: Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety.]]>2005Humphrey, S.I. and D.J. Mckenna,1997171112Ndukwe, K.C., A. Lamikanra and I.N. Okeke,20042912211233NIH,20022002Okafor, J.I., E.A. Eze and O.U. Njoku,200155960Okujagu, T.F.,200323235Raymond-Habecker, J. and J.A. Lott,19951995pp: 521-522pp: 521-522Ozolua, R.I., S.E. Idogun and G.E. Tafamel,2010Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) in sprague-dawley rats.]]>5145151Reyes, B.A.S., N.D. Bautista, N.C. Tanquilut, R.V. Anunciado and A.B. Leung et al.,2006Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata and their effects on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.]]>105196200Saidu, Y., L.S. Bilbis, M. Lawal, S.A. Isezuo, S.W. Hassan and A.Y. Abbas,2007Albizzia chevalieri harms (Leguminosae).]]>2224236Schumann, G., R. Bonora, F. Ceriotti, G. Férard and C.A. Ferrero et al.,200240725733Seth, S.D. and B. Sharma,2004120911Sofowora, A., 1981pp: 31pp: 31Szasz, G., 196915124136WHO,19761976Wittekind, C.,199579109115