Pharmacologia2044-46482044-4656Science International10.3923/pharmacologia.2012.713.718Vernonia amygdalina on the Pharmacokinetics of Dihydroartemisinin in Rat]]>OlorunfemiEseyin A. ArnoldIgboasoiyi C. ChinenyeIgbo AdaoraIgboasoiyi JohnsonEkarika BaridoDooka 122012312Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the leaf of Vernonia amygdalina on the pharmacokinetics of dihydroartemisinin in rat. Artemisinin based drugs are the drugs currently used in malaria therapy. V. amygdalina is consumed as a vegetable and medicinal herb in Nigeria. Therefore, it is possible for a malaria patient on artemisinin based drug therapy to consume V. amygdalina. Materials and Methods: Albino rats were divided into five groups, each of which received 2 mg kg-1 of dihydroartemisinin orally. In addition, Groups A and B were given 250 and 500 mg kg-1 of the extract (single dose and simultaneously with dihydroartemisinin), respectively. Groups C and D received 250 and 500 mg kg-1 of the extract, respectively once daily for seven days (sub-acute dose) before co-administration with dihydroartemisinin on the seventh day. Group E (control) received only dihydroartemisinin. Results: UV absorbance of serum of blood collected from the rats through cardiac puncture at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0 and 5 h, after drug administration, was measured at 230 nm in a UV spectrophotometer. Both single and sub-acute treatments at the two dose levels reduced the bioavailability (F), absorption constant (Ka), peak concentration (Cmax) and increased apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of the drug significantly. Single dose treatments of 250 and 500 mg kg-1 decreased the Area Under the Curve (AUC) and elevated elimination constant (Ke). Conclusion: These results show that the leaf of V. amygdalina is capable of affecting the effectiveness of dihydroartemisinin. Therefore, patients on artemisinin-based therapy should consume the leaf of V. amygdalina with caution.]]>Fugh-Berman, A.,2000355134138Akah, P.A. and C.L. Okafor,199216171173Alabi, D.A., M.Z. Onibudo and N.A. Amusa,200518488Ali, B.H., A. Al-Qarawi and H.M. Mousa,200229704706Anufuro, D.C. and A.C. Lgboechi,1986Vermonia amygdalina Extract on gastric emptying time on rats.]]>pp: 321-331pp: 321-331Ayodele, A.E.,20002000Singh, B.N.,199937213255Erasto, P., D.S. Grierson and A.J. Afolayan,2007Vernonia amygdalina growing in South Africa.]]>104636642Eseyin, O.A., E.J. Edoho, N.E. Godwin, A.C. Igboasoiyi and A. Ekpo,2007Telfairia occidentalis on the pharmacokinetics of chloroquine in rats.]]>1256260Eseyin, O., A. Ebong, E. Attih and U. Imo,2010Heinsia crinata on the pharmacokinetics of chloroquine in rats.]]>18893Olorunfemi, E., E. Aniekan, A. Udobre and I. Udoh,2011Lasianthera africana on the pharmacokinetics of chloroquine in rats.]]>526652669Farombi, E.O.,20032662671Fasuyi, A.O.,200654953Guengerich, F.P.,199743735Gurley, B.J., A. Swain, D.K. Williams, G. Barone and S.K. Battu,200852772779De Boer, H.J., A. Kool, A. Broberg, W.R. Mizray, I. Herdberg and J.J. Leventors,200596461469Igboasoiyi, C., O.A. Eseyin and N.F. Udoma,2008Vernonia amygdalina leaves on some pharmacokinetics parameters of chloroquine in rats.]]>22427Ioannides, C.,200311742Iwu, E.A.,1993131824Jisaka, M., H. Ohigashi, K. Takegawa, M.A. Huffman and K. Koshimizu,1993Vernonia amygdalina, a possible medicinal agents used by wild chimpanzees.]]>57833834Karbwang, J., K. Na-Bangchang, K. Conpuong, P. Molunto and A. Thanavibul,199752307310Kupchan, S.M., R.J. Hemingway, A. Karim and D. Werner,1969Vermonia amygdalina del.]]>3439083911Lin, J.H. and A.Y. Lu,199835361390Linde, K., M.M. Berner and L. Kriston,20082008Maggs, J.L., S. Madden, L.P. Bishop, P.M. O'Neil and B.K. Park,19972512001204Mason, P.,2002269571573Hong, X., C.H. Liu, X.T. Huang, T.L. Huang and S.M. Ye et al.,200829237244Igile, G.O., W. Oleszek, M. Jurzysta, S. Burda, M. Fafunso and A.A. Fasanmade,1994Vernonia amygdalina and their antioxidant activities.]]>4224452448Schrauzer, G.N.,19841984pp: 17-31.pp: 17-31.Sweeny, C.J., S. Mehrothera, M.R. Sadaria, S. Kumar and N.H. Shortee et al.,2005Sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide in combination with docetaxel reduces metastasis and improves survival in a xenograft model of breast cancer.]]>410041012Tulpule, A. and K. Krishnaswamy,198223271273Innocent, T. and O. Deogracious,20065712717