Journal of Plant Sciences1816-4951xxxx-xxxxxAcademic Journals Inc.10.3923/jps.2012.113.137Commiphora mukul]]>Dut JasujaNakuleshwar ChoudharyJyoti SharamaPreeti SharmaNidhi C. JoshiSuresh 4201274Commiphora mukul possesses a vast ethnomedical history and represents a phytochemical reservoir of heuristic medical value. It plays a very important role in all these processes as a key ingredient of the treatment procedures. C. mukul contains wide numbers of phytochemical constituents i.e., flavonoid, terpenes, phytosterols etc. which have different biological activities like antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, anti carcinogenic activity and various other important medicinal properties. There is a need to review this plant in order to provide scientific proof for its application in traditional medicine system. Guggulsterone is a main active substance in gugulipid, an extract of the C. mukul, used to treat a variety of disorders in humans, including dyslipidemia, obesity and inflammation. In this review an effort was made to update the information on its phytochemicals and pharmacological properties.]]>Abbasi, M.A., V.U. Ahmad, M.Z.S.N. M.Khan, M.A. Lodhi and M.I. Choudhary,2005Commiphora mukul.]]>422326Ahn, D., D. Putt, L. Kresty, G.D. Stoner, D. Fromm and P.F. Hollenberg,199617821828Akihisa, T., J. Ogihara, J. Kato, K. Yasukawa, M. Ukiya, S. Ya-Manouchi and K. Oishi,200136507512Al-Rejaie, S.S.,20121219Amjad, A.M. and H. Mashooda,1967Commiphora mukul.]]>102123Awad, A.B. and C.S. Fink,200013021272130Bag, A., S.K. Bhattacharyya, P. Bharati, N.K. Pal and R.R. Chattopadhyay,2009Chebulic myrobalan (fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz.) extracts against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli.]]>32529Bajaj, A.G. and D.S. Sukh,19823829492954Bose, S. and C. Gupta,1964Commiphora mukul Gum: Part I-nature of sugars present and the structure of the Aldobiouronic acid.]]>25760Chan, M.M., J.A. Mattiacci, H.S. Hwang, A. Shah and D. Fong,20006015391548Chander, R., A.K. Khanna and R. Pratap,2002Commiphora mukul.]]>24370374Chaturvedi, G.N. and R.H. Singh,1965537180De Leon, E.J., D.A. Olmedo, P.N. Solis, M.P. Gupta and M.C. Terencio,2002in vitro and in vivo.]]>6811281131Delaquis, P.J., K. Stanich, B. Girard and G. Mazza,200274101109Delay, F. and G. Ohloff,197962369377Deng, R.,200725375390Dev, S.,198349359385Dey, A., T. Das and S. Mukherjee,2011In vitro Antibacterial activity of n-hexane fraction of methanolic extract of Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae) Stem Bark.]]>6135142Ding. X. and J.L. Staudinger,2005314120127Dixit, V.P., S.C. Joshi, R. Sinha, S.K. Bhargava and M. Verma,1980Commiphora mukul) and garlic (Alium sativum Linn.) in dogs (Canis familiaris) and monkeys (Presbytis entellus entellus Dufresne).]]>16421424Duwiejua, M., I.J. Zeitlin, P.G. Waterman, J. Chapman, G.J. Mhango and G.J. Provan,1993591216Fatope, M.O., S.K.S. Al-Burtomania, J.O. Ocheib, A.O. Abdulnoura, S.M.Z. Al-Kindya and Y. Takedac,2003Commiphora wightii.]]>6212511255Filipe, P., J. Haigle, J.N. Silva, J. Freitas and A. Fernandes et al.,200427119911999Formica, J.V. and W. Regelson,19953310611080Francis, J.A., S.N. Raja and M.G. Nair,2004Commiphora mukul gum resin of potential anti-inflammatory interest.]]>118421853Ghorai, M., S.C. Mandal, M. Pal, S.P. Pal and B.P. Saha,200014200202Gomez, M.A., M.T. Scienz, M.D. Garcia and M.A. Farnandez,1999Achillea ageratum on chronic and acute inflammation.]]>54937941Griffin, S.G., S.G. Wyllie, J.L. Markham and D.N. Leach,199914322332Gupta, R.D.,199038598598Hammer, K.A., C.F. Carson and T.V. Riley,2003Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil.]]>95853860Huang, Y.T., J.J. Hwang, P.P. Lee, F.C. Ke and J.H. Huang et al.,19991289991010Ingale, A.G. and A.U. Hivrale,2010Passiflora sp. and their bioactive compounds.]]>4417426Jain, A. and V.B. Gupta,2005guggul: A review.]]>5478483Janisch, K.M., G. Williamson, P. Needs and G.W. Plumb,200438877884Joshi, S.C. and V. Joshi, 2007Amomum subulatum on oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in cholesterol fed rabbits. ]]>1451463Joshi, S.C., G.L. Bairwa and N. Sharma,2012Amomum subulatum on oxidative stress and serum lipids in cholesterol fed rabbits.]]>116Joshi, S.C., N. Sharma and P. Sharma,2012Coriandrum sativum in cholesterol fed rabbits.]]>4231234Kakrani, H.K.,1981Commiphora mukul.]]>52221223Kakrani, H.K.,1982Commiphora mukul Hook ex Stocks.]]>19339341Karmegam, N., M. Jayakumar and S. Karuppusamy,201273238Kaul, S. and N.K. Kapoor,1989906268Kay, M.A.,1996pp: 221-224pp: 221-224Kazemi, M., H. Rostami and S. Shafiei,201275566Kim, K.J., Y.H. Kim, H.H. Yu, S.I. Jeong, J.D. Cha, B.S. Kil and Y.O. You,2003Chrysanthemum boreale.]]>69274277Kimmatkar, N., V. Thawani, L. Hingorani and R. Khiyani,2003Boswellia serrata extract in treatment of osteoarthritis of knee-A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.]]>1037Kimura, I., M. Yoshikawa, S. Kobayashi, Y. Sugihara and M. Suzuki et al.,2001Guggulgum resins and their potent anti-inflammatory effect on adjuvant-induced air-pouch granuloma of mice.]]>11985989Kumar, V. and S. Dev,1987Commiphora mukul). 6. Absolute stereochemistry of guggultetrols.]]>4359335948Lata, S., K.K. Saxena, V. Bhasin, R.S. Saxena, A. Kumar and V.K. Srivastava,1991Allium sativum, Allium cepa and Commiphora mukul on experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis-a comparative evaluation.]]>37132135Leeman-Neill, R.J., S.E. Wheeler, S.V. Singh, S.M. Thomas and R.R. Seethala et al.,20093018481856Lewinsohn, E., I. Ziv-Raz, N. Dudai, Y. Tadmor and E. Lastochkin et al.,2000Ocimum basilicum L.). Developmental and chemotypic association of allylphenol O-methyltransferase activities.]]>1602735Lis-Balcnin, M., R.J. Ochocka, S.G. Deans, M. Asztemborska and S. Hart,199911393397Macha, M.A., A. Matta, S. Chauhan, K.M. Siu and R. Ralhan,20102010Macha, M.A., A. Matta, S.S. Chauhan, K.W.M. Siu and R. Ralhan,20112011MacLatchy, D.L. and G.L. Van Der Kraak,1995134305312Manjeet, K.R. and B. Ghosh, 199921435443Manjula, N., B. Gayathri, K.S. Vinaykumar, N.P. Shankernarayanan, R.A. Vishwakarma and A. Balakrishnan,2006Commiphora mukul leads to down regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-2.]]>6122132Marozzi, F.J., A.B. Kocialski and M.H. Malone,19702015741577Martins, A.P., L.R. Salgueiro, M.J. Goncalves, A.P. Da Cunha, R. Vila and S.C. Caniguerl,2003697779Matsuda, H., T. Morikawa, S. Ando, H. Oominami, T. Murakami, I. Kimura and M. Yoshikawa,20045212001203Mertens-Talcott, S.U. and S.S. Percival,2005218141151Mertens-Talcott, S.U., S.T. Talcott and S.S. Percival,200313326692674Meselhy, M.R.,2003Commiphora wightii and its constituents.]]>62213218Mesrob, B., C. Nesbitt, R. Misra and R.C. Pandey,1998720189196Mester, M., L. Mester and S. Nityanand,197937367369Metha, V.L., C.L. Malhotra and N.S. Kalrah,1968129195Mishra, V. and R. Kaur,20124703710Mourey, A. and N. Canillac,2002Listeria monocytogenes activity of essential oils components of conifers.]]>13289292Mu, M.M., D. Chakravortty, T. Sugiyama, N. Koide and K. Takahashi et al.,20017431438Nagababu, E. and N. Lakshmaiah,19924323932400Nair, H.K., K.V. Rao, R. Aalinkeel, S. Mahajan1, R. Chawda1 and S.A. Schwartz,2004116369Nair, M.P., S. Mahajan, J.L. Reynolds, R. Aalinkeel, H. Nair, S.A. Schwartz and C. Kandaswami,200613319328Ojha, S.K., M. Nandave, S. Arora, R.D. Mehra, S. Joshi, R. Naran and D.S. Arya,200846646652Omer, S.A., S.E.I. Adam and O.B. Mohammed,2011Commiphora myrrha against some bacteria and Candida albicans isolated from gazelles at king Khalid Wildlife Research Centre.]]>56571Ostlund, Jr. R.E.,200222533549Paarakh, P.M.,2010Terminalia arjuna (Roxb) wt. and arn.: A review.]]>6515534Pardhasaradhi, S.V., A. Sheshasayana, B.S. Rao and K.V.R. Murthy,200163154155Park. S.N., Y.K. Lim, M.O. Freire, E. Cho, D. Jin and J.K. Kook,201218369372Patil, V.D., U.R. Nayak and S. Dev,1972Commiphora mukul)-1: Steroidal constituents.]]>2823412352Patil, V.D., U.R. Nayak, and S. Dev,1973Commiphora mukul)-3 long-chain aliphatic tetrols, a new class of naturally occurring lipids.]]>2915951598Pegel, K.H.,19801980Purushothaman, K.K. and S. Chandrasekharan,1976Commiphora mukul (Burseraceae).]]>14802804Rahman, M.M., M. Garvey, L.J Piddock and S. Gibbons,2008Commiphora molmol (Engl.).]]>2213561360Raldugin, V.A., O.B. Shelepina, I.P. Sekatsis, A.I. Rezvukhin and V.A. Pentegova,19761108109Rout, O.P., R. Acharya and S.K. Mishra,201231521Sarwar, M., I.H. Attitalla and M. Abdollahi,20116867883Satyavati, G.V.,1991Commiphora wightii).]]>54782Satyavati, G.V., C. Dwarkanath and S.N. Tripathi,1969Commiphora mukul.]]>5719501962Saxena, G., S.P. Singh, S. Pal, R. Pratap and C. Nath,2007Commiphora wightii with lipidlowering properties, has protective effects against streptozotocininduced memory deficits in mice.]]>86797805Saxena, V.K. and R.N. Sharma,1998Commiphora mukul gum resin.]]>205556Shah, R., V. Gulati and E.A. Palombo,20122012Sharma, B., R. Salunke, S. Srivastava, C. Majumder and P. Roy,2009Commiphora mukul in high fat diet induced diabetic rats.]]>4726312639Shenouda, N.S., C. Zhou, J.D. Browning, P.J. Ansell, M.S. Sakla, D.B. Lubahn and R.S. Macdonald,2004in vitro.]]>49200208Shishodia, S. and B.B. Aggarwal,20042794714847158Siddiqui, M.Z.,201113539Singh, B.B., L.C. Mishra, S.P. Vinjamury, N. Aquilina, V.J. Singh and N. Shepard,200397479Singh, K., R. Chander and N.K. Kappor,199711291294Singh, S.K., N. Verma and R.C. Gupta,1995670173176Singh, S.V., Y. Zeng, D. Xiao, V.G. Vogel, J.B. Nelson, R. Dhir and Y.B. Tripathi,2005Commiphora mukul, in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells is mediated by Bax and Bak.]]>417471754Singh, V., S. Kaul, R. Chander and N.K. Kapoor,1990223744Sosa, S., T.A. Della, R. Loggia and E. Bombardelli,1993Commiphora mukul extracts.]]>278990Speh, B. and D.A. Vogan,1980145227299Staniszewska, M., J. Kula, M. Wieczorkiewicz and D. Kusewicz,200517579583Szapary, P.O., M.L. Wolfe, L.A.T. Bloedon, A.J. Cucchiara, A.H. Dermarderosian, M.D. Cirigliano and D.J. Rader,2003290765772Tapiero, H., D.M. Townsend and K.W. Tew,200357321325Tariq, M., A.M. Ageel, M.A. Al-Yahya, J.S. Mossa, M.S. Al-Said and N.S. Parmar,198617381382Thresiamma, K.C., J. George and R. Kuttan,199634845847Udilova, N., D. Jurek, B. Marian, L. Gille, R. Schulte-Hermann and H. Nohl,20034114811489Urizar, N.L. and D.D. Moore,200323303313Urizar, N.L., A.B. Liverman, D.T. Dodds, F.V. Silva and P. Ordenlich et al.,200229617031706Van Erk, M.J., P. Roepman, T.R. van der Lende, R.H. Stierum, J.M. Aarts, P.J. van Bladeren and B. van Ommen,2005in vitro.]]>44143156Vorster, H.H., F.J. Raal, J.B. Ubbink, A.D. Marais, M.C. Rajput and F.Y. Ntanois,2003164958Wadsworth, T.L. and D.R. Koop,199957941949Wadsworth, T.L., T.L. McDonald and D.R. Koop,200162963974Williamson, G., G.W. Plumb, Y. Uda, K.R. Price and M.J.C. Rhodes,19961723852387Yamamoto, N., J.H. Moon, T. Tsushida, A. Nagao and J. Terao,1999372347354Yasukawa, K., M. Takido, T. Matsumoto, M. Takeuchi and S. Nakagawa,1991417276Yoo, C.B., H. Ki-Tae, C. Kyu-Seok, H. Joohun and P. Hee-Juhn et al.,20052254152Yu, B.Z., R. Kaimal, S. Bai, K.A. El-Sayed and S.A. Tatulian et al.,2009722428Zak, A., M. Vecka, E. Tvrzicka, M. Hruby and F. Novak et al.,200554443451Zongo, C., E.F.O. Akomo, A. Savadogo, L.C. Obame, J. Koudou and A.S. Traore,2009In vitro antibacterial properties of total alkaloids extract from Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) O. Kuntze, a West African traditional medicinal plant.]]>8172177Bairwa, G.L., N.D. Jasuja and S.C. Joshi,2011Ammomum subulatum seeds (Family Zingiberaceae) in cholesterol fed rabbits.]]>4414251431Arora, R.B., V. Kapoor, N. Basu and A.P. Jain,1971Curcuma longa (Turmeric).]]>5912891295Kasahara, Y., K. Kumaki, S. Katagiri, K. Yasukawa and S. Ya-manouchi et al.,1994Carthami flos extract and its component, stigmasterol, inhibit tumour promotion in mouse skin two-stage carcinogenesis.]]>68327331Fugisawa, S., T. Atsumi, Y. Kadoma and H. Sakagamid,20021773954Santos, F.A. and V.S. Rao,200014240244Miettinen, T.A. and H. Gylling,2002164147152Aligiannis, N., E. Kalpoutzakis, S. Mitaku and I.B. Chinou,2001Origanum species.]]>4041684170