Research Journal of Parasitology1816-4943xxxx-xxxxScience International10.3923/jp.2020.38.46Schistosoma mansoni Infected Rats]]>M. AL-NoshokatyTohada AlyIbrahim M. Abo-ElmattyDina MesbahNoha M. S. ShehataAhmed EtewaSamia 22020152Background and Objectives: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) are a promising drug delivery system for oral administration of poorly water soluble drugs. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) are at the forefront of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several potential applications in drug delivery and research. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SLN loaded with praziquantel (PZQ) for treatment of schistosomiasis. Materials and Methods: The SLN was prepared and characterized to be a carrier for PZQ. Seventy male rats were divided equally into 7 groups (10 rats/group); normal control, infected control, infected and received SLN at 14 and 35 days, infected and received SLN loaded with PZQ which administered orally as two consecutive doses at days 14 and 35 post-infection, the last group infected and received PZQ. All rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks PI. Results: Liver section showed that treatment with SLN-PZQ the granuloma diameter was reduced. ALT and AST levels were decreased. Total Protein (TP) was increased and Gamma-glutamyl transferase was decreased. Level of IL-4 was decreased while, IL-10 level was high in treated group. Administration of PZQ at 35 days showed complete disappearance of ova. However, administration of SLN loaded with PZQ at 35 days post-infection decreased the worm burden and ova count in both liver and intestine compared to infected untreated group. Conclusion: Results of the present study conclude that the encapsulation of PZQ in SLN improved the safety profile of the drug. The PZQ in SLN could be a promising formulation to enhance the pharmacological activity of PZQ.]]>Gryseels, B., K. Polman, J. Clerinx and L. Kestens,200636811061118Colley, D.G., A.L. Bustinduy, W.E. Secor and C.H. King,201438322532264WHO.,20172017Hotez, P.J., M. Alvarado, M.G. Basanez, I. Bolliger and R. Bourne et al.,20142014Zaher, T., M. Abdul-Fattah, A. Ibrahim, H. Salah, M. El-Motyam, W. Abdel-Dayem and M. Refaey,20111911WHO.,2014892128Ibironke, O.A., A.E. Phillips, A. Garba, S.M. Lamine and C. Shiff,2011Schistosoma haematobium by detection of specific DNA fragments from filtered urine samples.]]>849981001El-Khoby, T., N. Galal, A. Fenwick, R. Barakat and A. El-Hawey et al.,2000628899Strickland, G.T.,200643915922Liu, Y., P. Wang, C. Sun, J. Zhao, Y. Du, F. Shi and N. Feng,2011419260265WHO.,20122012Muema, J.M., M.A. Obonyo, S.N. Njeru and J.K. Mwatha,2015Schistosoma mansoni.]]>9111Yang, L., Y. Geng, H. Li, Y. Zhang, J. You and Y. Chang,2009648689Xie, S., B. Pan, M. Wang, L. Zhu and F. Wang et al.,20105693701Nikalje, A.P.,20155081089Mukhopadhyay, A., B. Mukhopadhyay and S.K. Basu,19953769598Mashaghi, S., T. Jadidi, G. Koenderink and A. Mashaghi,20131442424282Liedtke, S., S. Wissing, R.H. Muller and K. Mader,2000196183185Peters, P.A. and K.S. Warren, 1969Schistosoma mansoni: Subcutaneous injection. ]]>55558560Huang, X.J., Y.K. Choi, H.S. Im, O. Yarimaga, E. Yoon and H.S. Kim,20066756782Kuwana, T. and S.B. Rosalki,199144236237Watts, B., L. Burnett and D. Chesher,20004610221023Szasz, G.,197412228232Duvall, R.H. and W.B. DeWitt,196716483486Cheever, A.W.,1968Schistosoma mansoni eggs in tissues.]]>39328331Pellegrino, J., C.A. Oliveira, J. Faria and A.S. Cunha,1962schistosomiasis mansoni in mice.]]>11201215Holian, O., S. Wahid, M.J. Atten and B.M. Attar,2002282G809G816Santos, J., M.J. Gouveia, N. Vale, M. de Lurdes Delgado and A. Goncalves et al.,2014Schistosoma haematobium.]]>2014Patocka, N., N. Sharma, M. Rashid and P. Ribeiro,2014Schistosoma mansoni: A serotonin-activated G protein-coupled receptor controls parasite movement. ]]>2014Ingram, K., W. Ellis and J. Keiser,20125632073215Elmi, T., S. Gholami, M. Fakhar and F. Azizi,201323126133El-Lakkany, N.M., S.H. Seif el-Din, A.N.A.A. Sabra and O.A. Hammam,2011Schistosoma mansoni.]]>106814822Abdel-Fattah, N.S. and N.S. Ahmed,2011Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice.]]>12139149Aly, I.R.B., M.A. Hendawy, E. Ali, E. Hassan and M.M.F. Nosseir,2010Schistosoma mansoni.]]>105729735Abdel-Ghaffar, O.,2004S. mansoni in mice: Parasitological, hematological and biochemical criteria.]]>42173203Zahoor, Z., A.J. Davies, R.S. Kirk, D. Rollinson and A.J. Walker,2009Biomphalaria glabrata haemocytes: Effects of Schistosoma mansoni ESPs and regulation through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.]]>2009Aly, H.F. and M.M. Mantawy,2013Zingbar officinale) against Schistosoma mansoni infection during host-parasite association.]]>62380389Al-Sayed, E., H.A. Hamid and H.M. Abu El Einin,2014Eucalyptus globules and Melaleuca styphelioides.]]>52698705Kadry, S.M., A.M. Mohamed, E.M. Farrag, B. Dalia and D.B. Fayed,2013Citharexylum quadrangular extract against liver fibrosis in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice.]]>726282638Naik, S.R., V.N. Thakare and S.R. Patil,201163419431Bandyopadhyay, U., D. Das and R.K. Banerjee,199977658666El-Tonsy, M.M., H.M. Hussein, T.E.S. Helal, R.A. Tawfik, K.M. Koriem and H.M. Hussein,2013Schistosoma mansoni infection: Is it a risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma?]]>128542547Heidelbaugh, J.J. and M. Sherbondy,200674767776Tielens, A.G.M.,199410346352McDermott, C.D., S.M. Gavita, H. Shennib and A. Giaid,199764270274Aragon, A.D., R.A. Imani, V.R. Blackburn and C. Cunningham,2008Schistosoma mansoni.]]>162134141Hassan, F.A.M., G.H. Abed, M.A.Z. Abdel-Samii and H.M. Omar,2016Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice.]]>2016Mourão, S.C., P.I. Costa, H.R. Salgado and M.P.D. Gremião,2005295157162Szabo, C.,199667988Diab, M.S.M., A.A. Bauomy, M.A. Dkhil, O.S.O. Amer and S. Al-Quraishy,2013Morus alba in ameliorating Schistosoma mansoni-induced renal and testicular injuries in mice.]]>4513671375Kumar, R., C. Mickael, J. Chabon, L. Gebreab and A. Rutebemberwa et al.,2015Schistosoma mansoni pulmonary hypertension.]]>1929981008Lee, C.G., R.J. Homer, Z. Zhu, S. Lanone and X. Wang et al.,20011.]]>194809822Duffield, J.S.,20031042738Hesse, M., C.A. Piccirillo, Y. Belkaid, J. Prufer and M. Mentink-Kane et al.,200417231573166Farrag, E.M., A.M. Mohamed, S.M. Kadry, A.H. Mahmoud, A.R.H. Farrag and D.B. Fayed,2015Schistosoma mansoni infected mice.]]>36270Sanin, D.E., C.T. Prendergast and A.P. Mountford,201519512181232Hoffmann, K.F., A.W. Cheever and T.A. Wynn,200016464066416Wilson, M.S., A.W. Cheever, S.D. White, R.W. Thompson and T.A. Wynn,2011Schistosoma mansoni.]]>2011Brown, M., P.A. Mawa, S. Joseph, J. Bukusuba and C. Watera et al.,2005Schistosoma mansoni infection increases helminth-specific type 2 cytokine responses and HIV-1 loads in coinfected Ugandan adults.]]>19116481657