Research Journal of Parasitology1816-4943xxxx-xxxxScience International10.3923/jp.2009.28.32FehintolaF.A. AdemowoO.G. 1200941We evaluated the efficacy of cotrimoxazole plus chloroquine in the treatment of chloroquine or sulphadoxine pyrimethamine treatment failure in an area of malaria hyperendemicity. Thirty-two consecutive children who had earlier been treated with either chloroquine or pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine but failed to achieve cure were enrolled into the study. Each child was treated with oral medication of chloroquine using the standard regimen of 10 mg kg-1 body weight each on days 0, 1 and 5 mg kg-1 body weight on day 2 plus cotrimoxazole at an equivalent dose of 40 mg kg-1 body weight in 2 divided doses daily for three days, that is, days 0-2. All were followed up for a period of 14 days both clinically and parasitologically. All children were asymptomatic and aparasitaemic by day 3 and remained free of malaria parasite till day 14. We concluded that cotrimoxazole in combination with chloroquine is efficacious in the treatment of chloroquine or sulphadoxine treatment failure and inadvertent use of this combination might have been responsible for delay in the advent of chloroquine resistant malaria in South-West Nigeria.]]>Bloland, P.B., S.C. Redd, P. Kazembe, R. Tembenu, J.J. Wirima and C.C. Campbell,1991337518520Fehintola, F.A., A.A. Adedeji and A. Sowunmi,200248101105Fehintola, F.A., A.A. Ganiyu, O. Akinmusure, H.A. Oduntan and J.O. Adeyinka,20066416419Fehintola, F.A., A.A. Adedeji, S.T. Balogun and A. Sowunmi,2007712901296Fehintola, F.A., A.A. Adedeji, G.O. Gbotosho, C.T. Happi and S.T. Balogun et al.,2008Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nigerian children.]]>14188194Fehintola, F.A., A.A. Adedeji, E. Tambo, B.A. Fateye and T.C. Happi et al.,200424149155Fogh, S., S. Jepsen and P. Effersoe,1979Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenya.]]>73228229Lege-Oguntoye, L., J.U. Abua, B. Werblinska, W.N. Ogala, A.B. Slotboom and P.F. Olurinola,1989Plasmodium falciparum in semi-immune children in Zaria, Northern Nigeria.]]>83599601Sowunmi, A.,2002Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children.]]>96227238Sowunmi, A., F.A. Fehintola, A.A. Adedeji, G.O. Gbotosho and E. Tambo et al.,2005Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nigerian children.]]>1011611170Sowunmi, A., B.A. Fateye, A.A. Adedeji, F.A. Fehintola and E.A. Bamgboye et al.,2005Plasmodium falciparum malaria.]]>100451455Spencer, H.C.,198579748758Wernsdorfer, W.H.,19917297303WHO,20012001WHO,20052005World Health Organization,199977617618Federal Ministry of Health,20042004