Journal of Medical Sciences1682-44741812-5727Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/jms.2014.179.191MohammedMohammed Amin A. Hakeem El-GamalAlaa Mahamad OmarNesreen Moustafa M. SheblAbdelhadi H. MansourAmany Abd El-AzizSherin Mohamed OthmanGamal MohammedSoad Amin 42014144The major challenge in inflammatory bowel disease is to achieve a sensitive
and specific non invasive diagnostic marker. Recently, S100A12 (Calgranulin
C) have been established to be elevated in the feces of patients with IBD. The
objective was to investigate the utility of fecal S100A12, in comparison to
fecal Calprotectin and standard inflammatory markers, as a screening and distinguishing
marker for IBD and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in patients with chronic diarrhea.
Stool samples were obtained from 173 individuals presenting with gastrointestinal
symptoms requiring endoscopy. Fecal S100A12, fecal Calprotectin and serum S100A12
levels were measured and correlated to final diagnosis and standard tests (ESR,
CRP, platelet count, albumin, perinuclear anti-neutrophil and antineutrophil
cytoplasmic antibodies. Full colonoscopy with histopathological examination
was performed. Patients diagnosed with IBD had elevated fecal S100A12 (median
49.7 mg kg-1) and Calprotectin (median 385 mg kg-1) levels
compared with the patients without IBD (n = 35, S100A12: Median 4.6 mg kg-1,
p<0.0001, Calprotectin: Median 30.5 mg kg-1; p<0.0001). Both
the sensitivity and specificity of fecal S100A12 (cutoff 8 mg kg-1)
for the detection of IBD were 93.91 and 97%, respectively whereas fecal Calprotectin
(cutoff 35 mg kg-1) gave a sensitivity of 93.96% and a specificity
of 84.2%. Both fecal markers were superior to the sensitivities and specificities
of any standard inflammatory test. Both fecal S100A12 and Calprotectin are sensitive
markers of gastrointestinal inflammation but fecal S100A12 provided exceptional
specificity in distinguishing patients with IBD from patients without IBD.]]>Ajaj, W., T.C. Lauenstein, J. Langhorst, C. Kuehle and M. Goyen et al.,20052292100Best, W.R., J.M. Becktel, J.W. Singleton and F. Kern Jr.,197670439444Brignola, C., G.A. Lanfranchi, M. Campieri, G. Bazzocchi and M. Devoto et al.,19868245248Campeotto, F., M.J. Butel, N. Kalach, S. Derrieux and C. Aubert-Jacquin et al.,200489F353F355Costa, F., M.G. Mumolo, L. Ceccarelli, M. Bellini and M.R. Romano et al.,200554364368Dabritz, J., J. Musci and D. Foell,201420363375Daperno, M., G. D'Haens, G. van Assche, F. Baert and P. Bulois et al.,200460505512De Jong, N.S., S.T. Leach and A.S. Day,200612566572Dixon, M.F., R.M. Genta, J.H. Yardley and P. Correa,19962011611181Donato, R.,200360540551Manolakis, A.C., A.N. Kapsoritakis, E.K. Tiaka and S.P. Potamianos,20115616011611Marsh, M.N.,1992102330354Niederau, C., F. Backmerhoff and B. Schumacher,19974490107Nielsen, O.H., B. Vainer, S.M. Madsen, J.B. Seidelin and N.H. Heegaard,200095359367Oberhuber, G.,200054368372Papp, M., G.L. Norman and I. Altorjay,20071320282036Pardi, D.S. and W.J. Sandborn,20051320282036Peterson, C.G., E. Eklund, Y. Taha, Y. Raab and M. Carlson,20029717551762Rachmilewitz, D.,19892988286Roth, J., T. Vogl, C. Sorg and C. Sunderkotter,200324155158Salama, I., P.S. Malone, F. Mihaimeed and J.L. Jones,200834357364Santamaria-Kisiel, L., A.C. Rintala-Dempsey and G.S. Shaw,2006396201214Moskaluk, C.A., M.K. Abdrabbo, J. Harper, C. Yoshida, G.J. Riggins, H.F. Frierson and S.M. Powell,20026268236826Foell, D., M. Frosch, C. Sorg and J. Roth,20043443751Foell, D., D. Kane, B. Bresnihan, T. Vogl and W. Nacken et al.,20034213831389Foell, D., T. Kucharzik, M. Kraft, T. Vogl, C. Sorg, W. Domschke and J. Roth,200352847853Foell, D. and J. Roth,200517534593460Foell, D., H. Wittkowski and J. Roth,200958859868Foell, D., H. Wittkowski, T. Vogl and J. Roth,2007812837Hanauer, S.B.,200612S3S9Hofmann, M.A., S. Drury, C. Fu, W. Qu and A. Taguchi et al.,199997889901Jelsness-Jorgensen, L.P., T. Bernklev and B. Moum,20132013Judd, T.A., A.S. Day, D.A. Lemberg, D. Turner and S.T. Leach,20112614931499Kaiser, T., J. Langhorst, H. Wittkowski, K. Becker and A.W. Friedrich et al.,20075617061713Langhorst, J., S. Elsenbruch, T. Mueller, A. Rueffer, G. Spahn, A. Michalsen and G.J. Dobos,20051110851091Schmidt, A.M., S. du Yan, S.F. Yan and D.M. Stern,2001108949955Schroder, O., M. Naumann, Y. Shastri, N. Povse and J. Stein,20072610351042Seibold, F., O. Stich, R. Hufnagl, S. Kamil and M. Scheurlen,200136196201Seibold, F., P. Weber, R. Klein, P.A. Berg and K.H. Wiedmann,199233657662Sherwood, R.A.,201265981985Sugi, K., O. Saitoh, I. Hirata and K.I. Katsu,199691927934Tibble, J.A., G. Sigthorsson, R. Foster, I. Forgacs and I. Bjarnason,2002123450460Vogl, T., C. Propper, M. Hartmann, A. Strey and K. Strupat et al.,19992742529125296WMA,19641964Xiang, J.Y., Q. Ouyang, G.D. Li and N.P. Xiao,2008145357Vermeire, S., G. van Assche and P. Rutgeerts,200655426431