Journal of Medical Sciences 1682-4474 1812-5727 Asian Network for Scientific Information 10.3923/jms.2007.1003.1008 Sharaf-Eldeen S. Salama K. Eldemerdash S. Hassan H.M.S. Semesem M. 6 2007 7 6 To study the magnitude of hepatitis B and C infections in children with malignant diseases and its correlation with different risk factors, one hundred children with malignancies attending the pediatric Departments at Damietta Cancer Institutes and Cairo University hospitals were enrolled. They were subjected to history taking and clinical evaluation, in addition to liver function tests, HCV Ab by ELISA (3rd generation), HCV RNA by PCR in seropositive cases, HBsAg assay and HBV DNA by PCR in seropositive cases. The seropositivity for HBsAg was 9% among whom HBV DNA was detected in 7/9 cases. HCV Ab was present in 43% among whom HCV RNA was detected in 33/43 cases. There is a significant relation between HCV (Ab and RNA) and history of transfusions. There was a statistically significant increase in the number of platelets units transfused with the HBV seropositivity. Evidences of HBV and HCV infection were present in around half of cases with childhood malignancies. Blood and platelet transfusions were the most identifiable risk factors for the acquisition of HCV and HBV.

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