Journal of Medical Sciences1682-44741812-5727Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/jms.2001.179.186Z. WershanaKarima 4200114The research work was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of cadmium
(Cd+2), administered during gestation period, on female albino mice and their
offspring. A sublethal dose of Cd+2 (0.2mg Cd+2 kg‾1 b.wt, s.c.) was injected to
pregnant mice on daily basis for 10 consecutive days as from the 3rd day of
gestation and they were allowed to deliver normally. Cd+2 induced significant
reduction in litter size, marked elevations in the numbers of dead newborns,
externally malformed newborns per litter and increased the Cd+2 concentrations in
their bodies. Cadmium injection also, caused growth retardation of the offspring
at the day of birth as well as after two and four postnatal weeks. In addition, It
increased their mortality percentages at the day of birth as well as during the first
two postnatal weeks. It induced decreases in erythrocytic counts (RBCs),
hemoglobin contents (Hb) and hematocrit values (packed cell volume, PCV)
along with insignificant changes in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean
corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
(MCHC) for female mice at the day of parturition as well as in their offspring
after two and four postnatal weeks. It also evoked leucocytosis, granulocytosis and
lymphopenia, while monocytes did not show significant alterations. The
administration of Cd+2 induced hepatotoxicity as indicated by elevations in the
activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It, also, caused renal dysfunction as indicated by
obvious rises in the concentrations of urea and creatinine in plasma. Also, this
work aimed to investigate the assessment of the potential protective effect of
either magnesium (Mg+2) (73mg Mg+2 kg‾1 b.wt) or vitamin E (100mg vit. E.
kg‾1 b.wt.). The antidotes were injected as repeated s.c. daily doses starting from
the 1st up to the 18th day of gestation. Magnesium administration prevented
completely all defects that were induced by Cd+2 while vit. E supplementation
exhibited only moderate improvement in these defects. This investigation
demonstrates that Mg+2 is more potent then vit. E in protecting female mice and
their offspring from Cd+2 induced defects. Mg+2 may be a promising protective
agent against Cd+2 intoxication.]]>Bauer, J.D.,19829th Edn.,pp: 225pp: 225Bhattacharyya, M.H., B.D. Whelton, P.H. Stern and D.P. Peterson,19888587618765Biggart, N.W. and E.C.Jr. Murphy,1988198115129Buttriss, J.L. and A.T. Diplock,1984105131138Campbell, E.J.M., C.J. Dickinson, J.D. Slater, C.R.W. Edwards and K. Slkora,198415th Edn.,Chan, H.M., L.F. Zhu, R. Zhong, D. Grant, R.A. Goyer and M.G. Cherian,19931238996Chernoff, N.,197382932Chiquoine, A.D.,196510263265Claverie, C., R. Corbella, D. Martin and C. Diaz,20007519Driscoll, K.E., J.K. Maurer, J. Poynter, J. Higgins, T. Asquith and N.S. Miller,19921163037Dudley, R.E., D.J. Svoboda and C.D. Klaassen,198265302313Elsenhans, B., G.J. Strugala and S.G. Schafer,199716429434Foulkes, E.C.,197845505512Friberg, L., T. Kjellstrom and G.F. Nordberg,19861986pp: 130-184pp: 130-184Goyer, R.A., C.R. Miller, S.Y. Zhu and W. Victery,1989101232244Groten, J.P., J.H. Koeman, J.H. van Nesselrooij, J.B. Luten, J.M.F. van Vlissingen, W.S. Stenhuis and P.J. van Bladeren,199423544552Hamada, T., S. Nakano, S. Iwai, A. Tanimoto, K. Ariyoshi and O. Koide,199119138147Hartwig, A.,19941024550Hiratsuka, H., O. Katsuta, N. Toyota, M. Tsuchitani, T. Umemura and F. Marumo,1996137228236Horiguchi, H., N. Mukaida, S. Okamoto, H. Teranishi, M. Kasuya and K. Matsushita,199312421428Horiguchi, H., H. Teranishi, K. Niiya, K. Aoshima, T. Katoh, N. Sakuragawa and M. Kasuya,199468632636Kaji, T., R. Kawatani, M. Takata, T. Hoshino, T. Miyahara, H. Kozuka and F. Koizumi,198850303316Kamiyama, T., H. Miyakawa, J.P. Li, T. Akiba and J.H. Liu et al.,199588177186Kaneko, J.J.,19894th Edn.,Pages: 898Pages: 898Kataranovski, M., D. Kataranovski, D. Savic, G. Jovcic, Z. Bogdanovic and T. Jovanovic,199847453461Koizumi, T., T. Yokota, H. Shirakura, H. Tatsumoto and K.T. Suzuki,199492115125Li, W., Y. Zhao and I.N. Chou,19962+ antagonism on Ni2+-induced changes in microtubule assembly and cellular thiol homeostasis.]]>136101111Littlefield, N.A., B.S. Hass, S.J. James and L.A. Poirier,199410127135Liu, J., Y. Liu, S.S. Habeebu and C.D. Klaassen,19992 exposure.]]>15998108Lynn, S., H.T. Lai, S.M. Kao, J. Lai and K.Y. Jan,1997144171176Markovich, D. and K.M. James,1999154181187Miale, J.B.,19724th Edn.,Pages: 1200Pages: 1200Novelli, E.L.B., E.P. Vieira, N.L. Rodrigues and B.O. Ribas,199879102105Poirier, L.A., K.S. Kasprzak, K.L. Hoover and M.L. Wenk,19834345754581Poirier, L.A., J.C. Theiss, L.J. Arnold and M.B. Shimkin,19844415201522Rana, S.V.S. and S. Verma,199651161168Sauer, J.M., M.P. Waalkes, S.B. Hooser, A.T. Baines, R.K. Kuester and I.G. Sipes,1997143110119Selenke, W. and E.C. Foulkes,19811674044Shaikh, Z.A., T.T. Vu and K. Zaman,1999154256263Singhal, R.K., M.E. Anderson and A. Meister,19871220223Snedecor, G.W.,197114th Edn.,Pages: 593Pages: 593Snell, C.D.,19565th Edn.,pp: 1-88pp: 1-88Squibb, K.S., J.W. Ridlington, N.G. Carmichael and B.A. Fowler,197928287296Tandon, S.K., S. Singh and M. Dhawan,199253945Thuerauf, J., K. Schaller, E. Engelhardt and K. Gossler,1975361927, (In German)Waalkes, M.P. and P.L. Goering,19903281288Warren, S., S. Patel and C.M. Karpron,2000in vitro.]]>124119126Webb, M. and K. Cain,198231137142Wester, P.O.,19874513051312White, B.A., M.M. Erickson and S.C. Sevens,19703rd Edn.,pp: 293-296pp: 293-296Wilson, J.G.,1964144429436Wintrobe, M.M., G.R. Lee, D.R. Boggo, T.G. Bithell, J. Foerster, J.W. Athens and J.N. Lukens,19818th Edn.,pp: 255-285pp: 255-285