Research Journal of Microbiology1816-4935xxxx-xxxxScience International10.3923/jm.2018.13.20Streptomyces Based on Gene Sequences]]>ChavesJessica Varela OjedaCinthya Paola Ortiz SilvaIngrid Reis da ProcopioRudi Emerson de Lima 12018131Background and Objective: A comprehensive, phylogeny of genus Streptomyces is needed for a better understanding of their ecology as well as for facilitating their bioprospecting. 16S-rRNA-based phylogenetic reconstruction does not guarantee well-resolved and robust trees that reflect the overall relationship between Streptomyces species, therefore it is necessary to find a region of the genome that best shows the difference between Streptomyces. The goal of the present study was to produce a more robust phylogeny for Streptomyces by comparing the phylogenetic trees derived from concatenated gene and single gene sequence data. Methodology: Improvements in DNA sequencing technologies have resulted in the ability to generate large numbers of high quality draft genomes that have led to a dramatic increase in the number of publically available genomes and this has allowed researchers to characterize microorganisms using genomic data. In the present study, a phylogeny of 26 Streptomyces strains were analyzed using individual genes with more than 1 kb and compared with a phylogeny of 8 highly informative concatenated genes, for a total of 20 kb. Analyses were performed in MEGA, which defined the topology of the consensus tree. Results: The results from the concatenated genes showed a much higher power of discrimination and a much more stable topological structure than the 16S rRNA gene, with clearly better discriminated entities and higher bootstrap support. Comparing the 23S rRNA gene tree with the concatenated gene tree, it was found that the 23S rRNA tree had discriminatory power and topological stability similar to the concatenated gene tree. Conclusion: It is concluded that the 23S gene can be used as an alternative to 16S for the identification and classification of streptomycetes at species and intraspecies levels. The inner fragment of 23S (from 1 to 2 kb) is the most variable region and generated reliable and robust trees.]]>Procopio, R.E.D.L., I.R. da Silva, M.K. Martins, J.L. de Azevedo and J.M. de Araujo,2012Streptomyces.]]>16466471Bentley, S.D., K.F. Chater, A.M. Cerdeno-Tarraga, G.L. Challis and N.R. Thomson et al.,2002Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).]]>417141147Wang, X.J., B. Zhang, Y.J. Yan, J. An and J. Zhang et al.,2013Streptomyces bingchenggensis by genome sequencing and gene microarray.]]>56677689Alam, M.T., M.E. Merlo, E. Takano and R. Breitling,2010Streptomyces and its relatives.]]>54763772Harrison, J. and D.J. Studholme,2014Streptomyces genome sequences.]]>7373380Guo, Y., W. Zheng, X. Rong and Y. Huang,2008Streptomyces griseus 16S rRNA gene clade: Use of multilocus sequence analysis for streptomycete systematics.]]>58149159Rong, X. and Y. Huang,2010Streptomyces griseus clade using multilocus sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization, with proposal to combine 29 species and three subspecies as 11 genomic species.]]>60696703Chater, K.F. and G. Chandra,2006Streptomyces analysed by genome comparisons.]]>60651672Colston, S.M., M. Fullmer, L. Beka, B. Lamy and J.P. Gogarten and J. Graf,2014Aeromonas as a test case.]]>2014Land, M., L. Hauser, S.R. Jun, I. Nookaew and M.R. Leuze et al.,201515141161Stothard, P.,20002811021104Tamura, K., D. Peterson, N. Peterson, G. Stecher, M. Nei and S. Kumar,20112827312739Felsenstein, J.,1985125115McWilliam, H., W. Li, M. Uludag, S. Squizzato and Y.M. Park et al.,201341W597W600Rong, X., N. Liu, J. Ruan and Y. Huang,2010Streptomyces griseus isolates delineating intraspecific diversity in terms of both taxonomy and biosynthetic potential.]]>98237248Mori, H., F. Maruyama and K. Kurokawa,20102010Mizrahi-Man, O., E.R. Davenport and Y. Gilad,20132013Hillis, D.M., C. Moritz and B.K. Mable,19962nd Edn.,Pages: 655Pages: 655Kim, B.J., C.J. Kim, J. Chun, Y.H. Koh and S.H. Lee et al.,2004Streptomyces and Kitasatospora based on partial RNA polymerase β-subunit gene (rpoB) sequences.]]>54593598Clarridge, J.E.,200417840862Alfoldi, J. and K. Lindblad-Toh,20132310631068Bansal, A.K. and T.E. Meyer,200218422602272Koeppel, A., E.B. Perry, J. Sikorski, D. Krizanc and A. Warner et al.,200810525042509Bohlin, J., O.B. Brynildsrud, C. Sekse and L. Snipen,2014Escherichia coli.]]>2014Bentley, S.D. and J. Parkhill,20152015