Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science1816-49271996-0751Academic Journals Inc.10.3923/jfas.2013.544.552Aglaonema simplex]]>MaNyuk Ling ChaThye San MaziahMahmood AzizAhmad 4201384Aquatic plant posses a very interesting stress tolerance mechanism compared to terrestrial plants. However, lack of aquatic mutants available is a hindrance to explore the cellular mechanism that governs various adaptations between these two types of plants. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide the optimum parameters for the genetic transformation of native aquatic plant in tropical country, Aglaonema simplex, by using stem and callus tissue. Explants were bombarded with various sizes of gold particles coated with 35 sec promoter constructed into 35 sec-sGFP-TYG-nos (puc18) plasmid harbouring green fluorescent protein. High transient expression was obtained when the tissues were bombarded twice by gold particles coated with spermidine under acceleration pressure of 1100-1350 psi and with the vacuum pressure set to 24 Hg. The calli were found susceptible to high pressure impact, showing better result at a longer bombardment distance (12 cm) of stopping screen to explants by the use of gold particle of smaller size (1 μm). In contrast, the optimal bombardment distance shown by stem tissues was achieved at a 6 cm distance by the use of gold particle of 1.6 μm. PCR and PCR-southern blot analyses exhibited that the gene was integrated into the genome of transformants and this indicates that the protocol can be used for genetic engineering purpose in the future.]]>Aziz Bin Ahmad, A.B., M.N. Ling and C.T. San,2008Aglaonema simplex.]]>35257Doyle, J.J.,1990121315Ferrat, L., C. Pergent-Martini and M. Romeo,200365187204Folling, L. and A. Olesen,2001Triticum aestivum L.) microspore-derived callus and microspores by particle bombardment.]]>20629636Gamborg, O.L., R.A. Miller and K. Ojima,196850151158Hansen, G. and M.S. Wright,19994226231Humara, J.M., M. Lopez and R.J. Ordas,1999uidA gene in Pinus pinea cotyledons: A study of heterologous promoter sequences.]]>566978Lacoul, P. and B. Freedman,20061489136McCabe, D. and P. Christou,1993TM technology).]]>33227236Mirouze, M. and J. Paszkowski,201114267274Murashige, T. and F. Skoog,196215473497Parveez, G.K.A., M.K.U. Chowdhury and N.M. Saleh,1998Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) embryogenic calli via microprojectile bombardment.]]>81727Ponappa, T., A.E. Brzozowski and J.J. Finer,199919612Puddephat, I.,20032003pp: 82-133pp: 82-133Rajasekaran, K., R.L. Hudspeth, J.W. Cary, D.M. Anderson and T.E. Cleveland,2000Gossypium hirsutum L.) by particle bombardment of embryogenic cell suspension cultures.]]>19539545Rasco-Gaunt, S., A. Riley, P. Barcelo and P.A. Lazzeri,199919118127Rochange, F., L. Serrano, C. Marque, C. Teulieres and A.M. Boudet,1995Eucalyptus globules zygotic embryos through biolistics: Optimization of the biological and physical parameters of bombardment for two different particle guns.]]>14674678Rosillo, A.G., J.R. Acuna, A.L. Gaitan and M. de Pena,2003Coffea Arabica suspension culture cells by particle bombardment.]]>744549Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis,19892nd Edn.,Sanford, J.C., F.D. Smith and J.A. Russell,1993217483509Schopke, C., N.J. Taylor, R. Carcamo, R.N. Beachy and C. Fauquet,1997Manihot esculenta Crantz) using computer image analysis.]]>16526530Sreeramanan, S., M. Maziah, M.P. Abdullah, M. Sariah, R. Xavier and M.F. Nor'Aini,2005133557Tadesse, Y., L. Sagi, R. Swennen and J. Michel,2003Sorghum bicolor) via microparticle bombardment.]]>75118Belarmino, M.M. and M. Mii,200019435442