Journal of Environmental Science and Technology1994-78872077-2181Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/jest.2014.67.75Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. Aegypti]]>OsmanY.A. A.A. El-Morsi M.A. Elwakil OmerF.H. 1201471The production of the biocontrol agent, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
subsp. aegypti C18 (BtaC18), suffers huge economic losses due to phage infection.
To improve it, an isolation and characterization of the causative agent are
necessary, using gradient centrifugation, electron microscopy and protein analysis.
Five morphologically distinctive phages were isolated from this strain belonged
to the order Caudovirales. Moreover, they been classified: Tailed group (TP3-01,
TP3-02, TP3-03 and TP3-05) and pseudotailed group (TP3-04) and fell into three
families: Siphoviridae, Tectiviridae and Podoviridae. TP3-01 phage showed hexagonal
head and slight long, non-contractile, relatively straight tail. TP3-02 has
an isometric head with a long non-contractile, flexible tail while the morphologically
similar TP3-03 has a slightly longer head and shorter tail. TP3-04 virus profile
showed a rigid polyhedral protein capsid surrounded with a thick, flexible lipoprotein
vesicle which sometimes became tail like tube, while TP3-05 has a rounded head
and short non-contractile tail. These results suggest that TP3-01, TP302 and
TP3-03 are members of the Siphoviridae family, TP3-04 belongs to Tectiviridae
and TP3-05 is a member of Podoviridae. Protein banding analysis of the five
phages revealed four major bands: 112.20, 70.79, 61.66, 50.12 and 39.81 kDa.
The 112.20 kDa protein band does exist in all phages and it may represent the
capsid protein. The other proteins are not universal and may be present in one
phage and absent from another. In conclusion, BtaC18 was the host of at least
five morphologically diversified phages which needs a lot of work to make a
phage resistant bacterium.]]>Ackermann, H.W.,2007152227243Ackermann, H.W.,20092009pp: 127-140pp: 127-140 Ackermann, H.W., R.R. Azizbekyan, H.P.E. Konjin, M.M. Lecadet, L. Seldin and M.X. Yu,1994Bacillus bacteriophage species.]]>135333344Ackermann, H.W., R. Roy, M. Martin, M.R.V. Murthy and W.A. Smirnoff,1978Bacillus phage.]]>24986993Ackermann, H.W., R.R. Azizbekyan, R.L. Bernier, H. de Barjac, S. Saindoux, J.R. Valero and M.X. Yu,1995Bacillus subtilis and B. thuringiensis.]]>146643657Agaisse, H. and D. Lereclus,1995Bacillus thuringiensis produce so much insecticidal crystal protein?]]>17760276032Al-Heeti, A. and Y.A. Osman,2008203142Bradley, D.E., 196731230314Carey-Smith, G.V., C. Billington, A.J. Cornelius, J.A. Hudson and J.A. Heinemann, 2006Salmonella spp.]]>258182186Chang, H.C., C.R. Chen, J.W. Lin, G.H. Shen, K.M. Chang, Y.H. Tseng and S.F. Weng,2005Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage phiSMA5.]]>7113871393Coveney, J.A., G.F. Fitzgerald and C. Daly,19875314391447Wiseman, R.L. and L.A. Day,1977116607611Fauquet, M., M.A. Mayo, J. Maniloff, U. Desselberger and L.A. Ball,2005Pages: 1162Pages: 1162Gill, J. and S.T. Abedon,20032003Grimont, F., P.A.D. Grimont and P. du Pasquier,197813740Hendrix, R.W., M.C.M. Smith, R.N. Burns, M.E. Ford and G.F. Hatfull,19999621922197Ito, J.,197828895904Laemmli, U.K.,1970227680685Liao, W., S. Song, F. Sun, Y. Jia, W. Zeng and Y. Pang,2008Bacillus thuringiensis MZ1.]]>15318551865Lu, Z., F. Breidt Jr., H.P. Fleming, E. Altermann and T.R. Klaenhammer,2003Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage, ΦJL-1, from a cucumber fermentation.]]>84225235Loessner, M.J., E. Neugirg, R. Zink and S. Scherer,1993Enterobacter species.]]>13926272633Osman, Y.A. and M.A. Madkour,19994115Osman, Y.A., A.H. Mohamedin and R.E. Elkafrawy,2013Bacillus thuringiensis mutant resistant to bacteriophage.]]>23110123Pang, Y., J.Z. Bao and D.X. Gu,1998pp: 368-494pp: 368-494Reynolds, R.B., A. Reddy and C.B. Thorne,1988Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. aizawai.]]>13415771585Rosovitz, M.J. and S.H. Leppla,2000418825826Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritish and T. Maniatis,19892nd Edn.,Pages: 397Pages: 397Schnepf, E., N. Crickmore, J. van Rie, D. Lereclus and J. Baum et al.,1998Bacillus thuringiensis and its pesticidal crystal proteins.]]>62775806Stewart, P.R., H.G. Waldron, J.S. Lee and P.R. Matthews,1985Staphylococcus aureus.]]>55111116Verheust, C., N. Fornelos and J. Mahillon,2005Bacillus thuringiensis GIL01 and the Bacillus cereus pBClin15 elements.]]>18719661973Yamamoto, K.R., B.M. Alberts, R. Benzinger, L. Lawhorne and G. Treiber,197040734744Yuan, Y., M. Gao, D. Wu, P. Liu and Y. Wu,2012Bacillus thuringiensis showing high similarity with phage from Bacillus cereus.]]>2012Yoon, S.S., R. Barrangou-Poueys, F. Breidt Jr. and H.P. Fleming,2007Pediococcus bacteriophage from the fermenting cucumber brine.]]>17262270