Journal of Entomology1812-56701812-5689Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/je.2015.77.86Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)]]>TalebHamdy K. Abou- ZahranHossam El-Din M. GadAbir A. 22015122Toxicity and effects of lufenuron and chlorfluazuron on some biochemical and physiological parameters of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) larvae were assessed. Results showed no significant differences in toxicity of lufenuron and chlorfluazuron against 4th instar larvae with LC50 values 1.7 and 2.2 ppm, respectively. While, activity level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased, activity level of glutathione S-transferase (GST) showed adverse results after exposure to lufenuron and chlorfluazuron compared with control. Lufenuron at 0.62 ppm and chlorfluazuron at 0.76 ppm caused the highest increase in the AST activity (from 1.06 in control to 4.13 and 4.26 OD/mg protein/min, respectively) and ALT activity (from 1.02 in control to 5.22 and 5.50 OD/mg protein/min, respectively), after 72 h of exposure. In the case of GST, the highest enzyme activity inhibition was occurred by lufenuron at 0.28 and 0.62 ppm, where the inhibition percentage was 38.6 and 45.6, respectively. Results also revealed that, chlorfluazuron caused the highest decrease in total haemocyte count 49.26 and 53.89% at 0.31 and 0.76 ppm, respectively. Changes in the differential haemocyte population during lufenuron and chlorfluazuron treatments have been assessed. The percentage of Prohaemocytes (Pr) markedly decreased after treatment with both insecticides when compared with control but no significant difference was observed between different concentrations of tested insecticides. Moreover, the percentage of Granulocytes (Gr) and Plasmatocytes (Pl) decreased markedly after treatments. In contrast, Oenocytes (Oe) and Spherulocytes (Sph) increased after 72 h of lufenuron and chlorfluazuron treatment. Also, the Corpora Allata (CA) activity has been observed in S. littoralis treated larvae. Both lufenuron and chlorfluazuron decreased the CA surface area after 72 h of treatment compared to control.]]>Abbott, W.S.,192518265267Abdel-Rahman, S.M. and H.K. Abou-Taleb,2007524551Abo Elghar, G.E., Z.A. Elbermawy, A.G. Yousef and H.K. Abd Elhady,2005Spodoptera littoral is (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).]]>8397410Abo-El-Ghar, M.R., M.E. Nassar, M.R. Riskalla and S.F. Abd-El-Ghafar,1986S. littoralis.]]>61141145Abou-Taleb, H.K., A.S.A. Saad, H.A. Mesbah, S.M. Abdel Rahman and D.A. El-Deeb,20092009Abou-Taleb, H.K.,201031356364Akai, H. and S. Sato,1973Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).]]>2207231Armstrong, W.D. and C.W. Carr,19643rd Edn.,Arnold, J.W. and C.F. Hinks,19765410031012Badawy, M.E.I., A. Kenawy and A.F. El-Aswad,2013Aporrectodea caliginosa.]]>2013Clark, A.G.,1989S-transferases from non-vertebrate organisms.]]>92419446DGKC.,197210182192Eldefrawi, M.E., A. Toppozada, N. Mansour and M. Zeid,1964Prodenia litura. I. Susceptibility of different larval instars of Prodenia to insecticides.]]>57591593Essawy, M.M.,1990Spodoptera littoralis (Boised.) during wound healing.]]>11151176Essawy, M.M.,1991Bombyx mori (L.).]]>37789Finney, D.J.,19713rd Edn.,Pages: 333Pages: 333Gad, A.A. and A. Abdel-Megeed,2006Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).]]>37580Gadot, M., A.S. Chiang, E.L. Burns and C. Schal,1991Blattella germanica: Effects of ovariectomy and corpus allatum denervation.]]>82163171Hatem, A.E., H.B. Homam, R.A. Amer, S.A. Samad, H.A. Saleh and A.I. Hussien,2009Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval).]]>35533542Jones, J.C., 19622209246Kai, Z.P., J. Huang, S.S. Tobe and X.L. Yang,20093012491253Kao, C.H., C.F. Hung and C.N. Sun,19898212991304Klowden, M.J.,2007Pages: 688Pages: 688Lowry, O.H., N.J. Rosebrough, A.L. Farr and R.J. Randall,1951193265275Malczewska, M., D.B. Gelman and B. Cymborowski,1988Galleria mellonella larvae.]]>34725732Peel, A.D. and M. Akam,2007Schistocerca gregaria.]]>53436443Pflugefelder, O.,1948Apis mellifera.]]>66211235Ramaswamy, M., P. Thangavel and N.P. Selvam,1999Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) exposed to a carbamate pesticide, carbaryl.]]>5512171221Rankin, S.M. and B. Stay,1985Diploptera punctata.]]>31145157Reitman, S. and S. Frankel,1957285663Sayah, F.,2002Labidura riparia (Dermaptera).]]>345362Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie,19802nd Edn.,Pages: 633Pages: 633Trowsdale, J., D. Martin, D. Bicknell and I. Campbell,199018178180Tunaz, H. and N. Uygun,200428377387Zibaee, A. and A.R. Bandani,2010Artemisia annua L. (Astracea) extracts the Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps puton (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae).]]>504854Zibaee, A., I. Zibaee and J.J. Sendi,2011Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae).]]>100289298