Journal of Entomology1812-56701812-5689Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/je.2014.283.290Aleurodicus dispersus (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Pepper Plants]]>NasruddinAndi SaidAhwiyah Eka BacoMuhammad Said Jumardi 52014115Spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), was detected for the first time causing serious damages on pepper in South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia in 2012. Farmers rely mainly on insecticide for its control however, this effort apparently failed to provide satisfactory control. The failure probably stemmed from inappropriate insecticide choice and application method. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of commercially available insecticides and application methods on suppressing the whitefly. Ten formulated insecticides with different active ingredients were evaluated in a field trial against the adult and nymphal whitefly. The same insecticides were also tried to determine their efficacy against the adult populations in a leaf-dip bioassay in the laboratory. Another field trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two different application methods; partial coverage spray practiced by farmers and full coverage spray. Fipronil, lambda-cyhalothrin, fenobucarb and imidacloprid consistently had the lowest numbers of adults during the trial. While, pipronil, lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid had the least numbers of nymphs. Overall, however, all insecticides were highly effective in suppressing the whitefly populations with reduction levels ranging from 85.7% (cypermethrin) to 99.3% (imidacloprid) for the nymph and 87.8% (cypermethrin) to 99.7% (imidacloprid) for the adult. Laboratory bioassay results showed that all insecticides effectively controlled the adult whitefly with mortality rates from 80-100% 24 h and 100% 48 h after the insecticide application. The results of the field trial comparing two application methods showed that the partial spray coverage (farmers method) failed to lower the whitefly population, while the full spray coverage method successfully suppressed the pest population. Therefore, the ineffectiveness of insecticides use so far was probably due to the inappropriate choices of insecticides and application method by the farmers.]]>Banjo, A.D.,2010Aleurodicus dispersus Russel. (spiralling whitefly) [Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae] in Nigeria.]]>2001006BioStat,2009Botha, J., D. Hardie and G. Power,2000Aleurodicus disperses: Exotic threat to Western Australia..]]>2000Cloyd, R.A.,201041418Cranshaw, W.S.,20132013Fullerton, D.,198256117118Gniffke, P.A.,2011Phytophthora blight and whitefly-transmitted geminivirus in chilli pepper in Indonesia.]]>2011Johnson, M.W., N.C. Toscano, H.T. Reynolds, E.S. Sylvester, K.R. Kido and E.T. Natwick,1982362426Kajita, H.S., I.M. Samudra and A. Naito,1991Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) from Indonesia, with notes on its host plants and natural enemies.]]>26397400Murgianto, F.,2010Aleurodicus destructor Mackie, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell and Aleurodicus dugesii Cockerell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in District Dramaga Bogor Regency and others in the surrounding area].]]>2010Prabhaker, N., N.C. Toscano and D.L. Coudrie,198978983988Waterhouse, D.F. and K.R. Norris,1989pp: 56-75pp: 56-75Yuliani, P. Hidayat and D. Sartiami,200534149