Journal of Entomology1812-56701812-5689Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/je.2011.63.72 Matricharia chamomella Extracts Against the Rift Valley Fever Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Culicidae: Diptera)]]>AlmehmadiR. M.1201181The present study was carried out to establish the larvicidal properties and histopathological effect of Matricharia chamomella plant extract on third larval instar of the Culex quinquefasciatus, the mosquito vector of Rift valley fever in Saudi Arabia using stock solution from King Saud University. Results of log-probit analysis( at 95% confidence level ) revealed that LC50 and LC90 values gradually decreased with the exposure periods ( 24 and 48 h) .This study shows that the larvicidal action of the M. chamomella plant extract is positively correlated to the concentration tested. The histopathological changes caused by LC50 have been investigated using light and an electron microscope. Observations were revealed over time (24 and 48 h). The most noticeable effect is the increasing damage to the larvae mid-gut epithelium, including cell vacuolization and rupture of the epithelial walls, microvillus damage and the epithelium cell contents passing into the mid-gut lumen. This article is the first report of the toxicity and histopathological effects of the M. chamomella as a bioinsecticide in the mid-gut of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. These results indicate that the tested extract may affect delayed larval development.]]>Abbott, W.S.,192518265267Al-Mehmadi, R.M. and A.A. Al-Khalaf,2009Artemisia herba alba extract in the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae (Diptera:Culicidae).]]>2009Assar, A.A. and M.M. El-Sobky,2003Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae).]]>33189200Bowers, W.S., B. Sener, P.H. Evans, F. Bingol and I. Erdogan,1995Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae.]]>16339341Chandre, F., F. Darriet, M. Darder, A. Cuany, J.M.C. Doannio, N. Pasteur and P. Guillet,1998Culex quinquefasciatus from West Africa.]]>12359366Dua, V.K., B.N. Nagpal and V.P. Sharma,1995324755Foster, W.A. and E.D. Walker,20022002pp: 245-249pp: 245-249Finney, D.J.,19713rd Edn.,pp: 76-80pp: 76-80Hamouda, L.S., W.M. Elyassaki and M.S. Hamed,1996Artemisia Judaic and Anagallis arvensis extracts on Culex pipiens larvae.]]>204360Hemingway, J. and H. Ranson,200045371391Hussin, K.T. and F.I. Shoukry,1997Culex pipiens larvae.]]>35287305Kabaru, J.M. and L. Gichia,2001Rhizophora mucronata (rhizophoraceae) Lam. against three arthropods.]]>24449Massoud, A.M. and I.M. Labib,2000Commiphora molmol against Culex pipiens and Aedes caspius larvae.]]>30101115Nazni, W.A., H.L. Lee, I. Sa'diyah,1998Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) selected by malathion and permethrin.]]>29849855Obomanu, F.G., O.K. Ogbalu, U.U. Gabriel, G.K. Fekarurhobo and B.I. Adediran,2006Lepidagathis alopecuroides and Azadirachta indica on Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus.]]>5761765Pathak , N., P.K. Mittal, O.P. Singh, V. Sagar and P. Vasudevan,2000Anopheles stephensi (Liston), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and Aedes aegypti (L).]]>425358Pizzarro, A.P.B., A.M. Oliveira-Filho, J.P. Parente, M.T.V. Melo, C.E. Santos and P.R. Lima,1999322329Selvi, S., M.A. Endah, W.A. Nazni, H.L. Lee and A.H. Azahari,2005Culex quinquefasciatus against selection pressure of malathion and permethrin and its relationship to cross-resistance towards propoxur.]]>22103113Singh, R.K., R.C. Dhiman and P.K. Mittal,2006Momordica charantia Linn (Family: Cucurbitaceae).]]>438891Singh, S.P., K. Raghavendra, R.K. Singh and S.K. Subbarao,2002Solanum nigrum Linn (Family: Solanaceae).]]>8115291529Sivagnaname, N. and M. Kalyanasundaram,2004Atlantia monophylla (Family: Rutaceae) against immature stages of mosquitoes and non-target organisams.]]>99115118Sun, R., J.N. Sacalis, C.K. Chin and C.C. Still,2001Vanilla fragrans.]]>4951615164WHO.,2000