Journal of Entomology1812-56701812-5689Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/je.2007.299.307Capsicum annuum on Aquatic Stages of Anopheles gambiae Giles under Laboratory Conditions]]>Foko DadjiG.A. TamesseJ.L. MessiJ. 4200744The developing trend of resistance in Anopheles gambiae toward synthetic mosquitocidal agents makes their management extremely difficult. A new approach in the fight against malaria vectors consist of using native plants with insecticidal value. Two varieties of Capsicum annuum the red and the yellow varieties were evaluated for their toxicities to An. gambiae. Ovicidal, larvicidal and pupal mortality effects of C. annuum fruit have been noted. The results showed that for 60 eggs, embryonic mortality was 100% when treated with the yellow variety of C. annuum. In addition, this variety was also detrimental to the embryonic development of An. gambiae. In contrast, at a concentration of 1 g L-1 of the red variety of C. annuum 19% of egg-hatched and 93% of total mortality rate from eggs to emergence. At a concentration of 0. 25 g L-1 of the red variety of C. annuum 44% of egg-hatched and 67% of total mortality rate from eggs to emergence. The embryonic development duration and first instars larvae development duration were longer (82 and 77 h, respectively) in media containing 1 g L-1 of C. annuum. The total mortality rate and the quantity of C. annuum in breeding media were highly correlated (r = 0.964; p< 0.01). The number of males, females and the number of eggs laid per female were negatively correlated with the quantity of C. annuum in the breeding medium. This study shows that C. annuum fruits are significantly toxic on eggs, larval and pupal stages of An. gambiae. Future tests in the field will help determine if C. annuum may be effective for malaria control in tropical region.]]>Barbehenn, R.V. and M.M. Martin,1994Malacosoma disstria (Lepidoptera): Roles of the peritrophic envelope and midgut oxidation.]]>2019852001Carnevale, P. and J. Mouchet,199050391398Carter, R. and K. Mendis,200215564594Coluzzi, M.,198462107113Copeland, R.E., T.W. Walker, L.L. Robert, J.I. Githure, R.A. Wirtz and T.A. Klein,1995Anopheles funestus to repellent-protected volunteers is unaffected by malaria infection of the vector.]]>11438440Curtis, C.F., J.D. Lines, Lu-Baolin and A. Renz,19891109119David, J.P., D. Rey, M.P. Pautou and J.C. Meryran,200075918David, J.P., D. Rey, G. Marigo and J.C. Meryran,200026901913Dempster, J.P.,196130429432Diaz, J., A. Bernal, F. Merino and A. Ros Barcelo,1998Capsicum annuum L.]]>2155169Fondjo, E., V. Robert, G. LeGoff, J.C. Toto and P. Carnevale,1992855763Isman, M.B.,199926872Killeen, G.F., U. Fillinger, I. Kiche, L.C. Gouagna and G.J. Knols,2002Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: Lessons for malaria control in Africa?.]]>2618627Korenromp, E.L., B.G. Williams, E.C. Gouws, C. Dey and R.W. Snow,20033349358Kruskal, W.H. and W.A. Wallis,195247583621Manga, L., V. Robert, J. Messi, M. Desfontaines and P. Carnevale,199235155162Mann, H.B. and D.R. Whitney,1947185060Mercer, D.R. and I.R. Anderson,1994Aedes sierrensis (Diptera: Culicidae) production and parasitism by Lambornella clarki (Ciliophora: Tetrahymenidae).]]>31159167Mouchet, J. and P. Carnevale,1991pp: 35-59pp: 35-59Mulla, M.S. and T. Su,199915133152Odalo, J., M. Omolo, H. Malebo, J. Angira, P. Njeru, I. Ndiege and A. Hassanali,2005Anopheles gambiae.]]>95210218Rey, D., J.P. David, G. Besnard, J.L. Jullien, C. Lagneau and J.C. Meyran,200198361367SPSS,1999Ter Kuile, F.O., M.E. Parise, F.H. Verhoeff, V. Udhaya-Kumar and R.D. Newman et al.,2004714154Tripathi, A.K., V. Prajapati, A. Ahmad, K.K. Aggarwal and S.P. Khanuja,200441691698Tuno, N., K. Miki, N. Minakawa, A. Githeko, G. Yan and M. Takagi,2004Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae.]]>41810812Wilcoxon, F.,194518083Yang, Y.C., H.S. Lee, J.M. Clark and Y.J. Ahn,2004Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae).]]>41699704