Journal of Entomology1812-56701812-5689Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/je.2007.279.288in vivo Production of Nucleopolyhedrovirus in Homologus Host Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera ]]>GuptaR.K. RainaJ.C. MonobrullahM.D. 4200744Optimization of virus yield is crucial for minimizing the cost of production and to perfect its large scale-production using in vivo production system. Therefore, separate experiments were conducted to optimize the inoculum dose, larval age, incubation period, and physical status of the harvested larvae for in vivoHelicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrosis (HaNPV) mass production. Seven to eight day old larvae treated with an inoculum dose of 1x104 resulted in maximum POBs yield/insect coupled with the desirable proportion of larval harvest and shall therefore be considered as suitable stage for optimum virus production with an incubation period of 7 days. While comparing the HaNPV productivity on the basis of the physical status of the harvested larvae, the maximum POB yield per larva was obtained by harvesting the dead larvae. However, harvesting dead larvae was very difficult and there was high microbial contamination. Thus harvesting moribund larvae was the best option for optimum production of HaNPV.]]>Bell, M.R.,1991In vivo production of nuclear polyhedrosis virus utilizing tobacco budworm and a multicellular larval rearing container.]]>266975Briese, D.T.,19861986pp: 233-256pp: 233-256Chakraborty, S. and S. Reid,1999Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus in H zea cell cultures.]]>73303308Chakraborty, S., C. Monsour, R. Teakle and S. Reid,1999Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus production in H zea cell culture.]]>73199205Chejanovsky, N. and E. Gershburg,1995Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus induced apoptosis of Spodoptera littoralis.]]>209519525Cherry, A.J., M.A. Parnell, D. Grzywacz and K.A. Jones,1997in vivo nuclear polyhedrosis virus production in Spodoptera exempta (Walker) and Spodoptera exigua (Hubner).]]>705058Cherry, A.J., R.J. Rabindra, M.A. Parnell, N. Geetha, J.S. Kennedy and D. Grazywacz,2000Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus formulation for control of the chickpea pod borer, H. armigera (Hubn.) on chickpea (Cicer arietinum var Shoba) in Southern India.]]>195160Copping, L.G.,19931993Engelhard, E.K. and L.E. Volkman,1995Trichoplusia ni orally inoculated with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.]]>209384389Flipsen, H.,19951995Grazywacz, D., D.J. McKinley, G. Moawad and A. Cherry,1998in vivo production of Spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus.]]>71115122Gupta, R.K., K. Bali and R.K. Arora,2003Spodoptera litura Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus from J and K.]]>2158164Hedlund, R.C. and W.G. Yendol,1974676163Ignoffo, C.M.,197333380406Ignoffo, C.M. and T.L. Couch,1981Heliothis species as a microbial insecticide.]]>1981pp: 330-362pp: 330-362Inceoglu, A.B., S.G. Kamita, A.C. Hinton, Q. Huang, T.F. Severson, K. Kang and B.D. Hammock,200157981987Jones, K.A, B. Zelazny, U. Ketunuti, A. Cherry and D. Grzywacz,19981998pp: 244-248pp: 244-248Kalia, V., S. Chaudhari and G.T. Gujar,2001Helicoverpa armigera throughout larval stages.]]>292328Kumar, C.M., N. Sathiah and R.J. Rabindra,2005Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) larvae under in vivo production system.]]>8816821684Monobrullah, M.D. and M. Nagata,2000Spodoptera litura (Fab.) nucleopolyhedrovirus production in homologous host larvae.]]>20157165Narayanan, K.,200486800814O`Reilly, D.R. and L.K. Miller,198924511101112O`Reilly, D.R. and L.K. Miller,1991910861089Rabindra, R.J., N. Sathiah, K.P. Jayanth and R.K. Gupta,2003Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura.]]>2003pp: 32-39pp: 32-39Sathiah, N. and S. Palaniswamy,2004Helicoverpa armigera Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.]]>pp: 1-17pp: 1-17Shapiro, M., C.D. Owens, R.A. Bell and H.A. Wood,1981in vivo mass production of gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus.]]>74110111Shapiro, M., Robertson, J.L. and R.A. Bell,19867911741177Shieh, T.R.,198936315343Shorey, H.H. and H.L. Hale,196558255258Subramanian, S., G. Santharam, N. Sathiah, J.S. Kennedy and R.J. Rabindra,2006Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus.]]>37367374Sun, X., X. Sun, B. Bai, W.V.D. Werf, J.M. Vlak and Z. Hu,2005Helicoverpa armigera larvae infected with wild type and recombinant HaSNPV.]]>15353366Van-Beek, N.A.M, P.H Flore, H.A. Wood and P.R. Hughes,1990Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in Trichoplusia ni larvae determined by DNA: DNA hybridization.]]>558592Washburn, J.O., B.A. Kirkpartick and L.E. Volkman,1996383767768Whitlock, V.H.,1977Heliothis armigera.]]>308086