Journal of Biological Sciences1727-30481812-5719Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/jbs.2013.386.392Morus alba, Citrus limon and Trigonella foenum-graecum Extracts for Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemical Compounds]]>SheikhlarA. AlimonA.R. DaudH.M. SaadC.R. ShanagiH. 52013135In the present study, the effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed (fenugreek), Citrus limon peel (lemon) and Morus alba foliage (mulberry) against two Gram- negative bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli and two Gram-positive bacteria, Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated and the phytochemical compounds of the tested herbal extracts were determined. The results indicated that the aqueous extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and Citrus limon peel revealed weak antibacterial activity against the bacteria. The methanol extracts of all herbs exhibited stronger antimicrobial activities against the tested pathogens. Among the entire methanol extracts, the Morus alba had the strongest activities. Aeromonas hydrophila was the most sensitive microorganism tested. The phytochemical screening of the plants showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as phenols, volatile oils, tannins, saponins, steroids, flavonoid, terpenoids and alkaloids.]]>Aboaba, O.O. and B.M. Efuwape,200113183188Aboaba, O.O., S.I. Smith and F.O. Olude,2006Escherichia coli O157:H7.]]>5325327Ahmad, I. and A.Z. Beg,200174113123Aiyegoro, O.A. and A.I. Okoh,2010in vitro antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Helichrysum longifolium DC.]]>2010Bauer, A.W., W.M.M. Kirby, J.C. Sherris and M. Turck,196645493496Chopra, R.N., S.L. Nayer and I.C. Chopra,19923rd Edn.,pp: 7-246pp: 7-246Dahiru, D., J.M. Sini and L. John-Africa,2006Ziziphus mauritiana root extract in rodents.]]>5941945Dassonneville, L., A. Lansiaux, A. Wattelet, N. Wattez and C. Mahieu et al.,2000409918De Boer, H.J., A. Kool, A. Broberg, W.R. Mziray, I. Hedberg and J.J. Levenfors,200596461469Denyer, S.P. and W.B. Hugo,19911991pp: 171-188pp: 171-188 Enkhmaa, B., K. Shiwaku, T. Katsube, K. Kitajima, E. Anuurad and M. Yamasaki,2005M. alba L.) leaves and their major flavonol quercetin 3-(6-malonylglucoside) attenuate atherosclerotic lesion development in LDL receptor-deficient mice.]]>135729734Evans, W.C.,199614 Edn.,pp: 224-228, 293-309, 542-575pp: 224-228, 293-309, 542-575Freiburghaus, F., R. Kaminsky, M.H.H. Nkunya and R. Brun,1996in vitro trypanocidal activity.]]>55111Guittat, L., P. Alberti, F. Rosu, S. van Miert and E. Thetiot et al.,200385535547Harborne, S.B. and H. Baxter,1995Harborne, J.B.,1998pp: 60-66pp: 60-66Harikrishnan, R., C. Balasundaram, M.C. Kim, J.S. Kim, Y.J. Han and M.S. Heo,2009Carassius auratus by triherbal solvent extracts.]]>27508515Hernandez-Medel, M.R., J.L. Lopez-Perez, A. Trigos and M.R. Del-Hernandez-Medel,1998Picramnia hirsute stem.]]>268690Houghton, P.J. and A. Raman,1998Pages: 199Pages: 199Iyengar, M.A.,19852nd Edn.,pp: 13-17pp: 13-17Kang, T.H., J.Y. Hur, H.B. Kim, J.H. Ryu and S.Y. Kim,2006391122126Karou, D., A. Savadogo, A. Canini, S. Yameogo and C. Montesano et al.,2006Sida acuta.]]>8195200Kim, S.H., N.J. Kim, J.S. Choi and J.C. Park,1993Cudrania tricuspidata bureau.]]>226872Knobloch, K., H. Weigand, N. Weis, H.M. Schwarm and H. Vigenschow,19861986pp: 429-445pp: 429-445Kusano, G., S. Orihara, D. Tsukamato, M. Shibano, M. Coskun, A. Guvenc and C.S. Erdurak,2002Morus alba L. growing in Turkey.]]>50185192Lisgarten, J.N., M. Coll, J. Portugal, C.W. Wright and J. Aymami,200295760Morrissey, J.P. and A.E. Osbourn,199963708724Mulligan, M.E., K.A. Murray-Leisure, B.S. Ribner, H.C. Standiford and J.F. John et al.,1993Staphylococcus aureus: A consensus review of the microbiology, pathogenesis and epidemiology with implications for prevention and management.]]>94313328Nweze, E.I., J.I. Okafor and O. Njoku,2004Trema guineensis (Schumm and Thorn) and Morinda lucida Benth used in Nigerian.]]>23946Nomura, T.,2001121535556Ojo, S.O., J.A. Afolabi and O.A. Fagbenro,2006192330Parekh, J., D. Jadeja and S. Chanda, 200529203210Rattanachaikunsopon, P. and P. Phumkhachorn,2007Psidium guajava on fish pathogens.]]>78434436Rauha, J.P., S. Remes, M. Heinonen, A. Hopia and M. Kahkonen et al.,200056312Huebner, R.E., A. Wasas, A. Mushi, L. Mazhani and K. Klugman,1998Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b in children under 5 years of age in Botswana.]]>31825Sagdic, O. and M. Ozcan,200314141143SAS Institute, 1990Scalbert, A.,19913038753883Sikkema, J., J.A. de Bont and B. Poolman,199426980228028Smail, E.H. and J.M. Jones,1984Candida albicans germ tubes.]]>457481Sofowora, A.,1993pp: 97-145pp: 97-145Sohn, H.Y., K.H. Son, C.S. Kwon, G.S. Kwon and S.S. Kang,2004Morus alba L., Morus mongolica Schneider, Broussnetia papyrifera (L.) Vent, Sophora flavescens Ait and Echinosophora koreensis Nakai]]>11666672Tona, L., K. Kambu, N. Ngimbi, K. Mesia and O. Penge et al.,200073138Trease, G.E. and W.C. Evans,198913th Edn.,Pages: 585Pages: 585Tsuchiya, H., M. Sato, T. Miyazaki, S. Fujiwara and S. Tanigaki et al.,1996Staphylococcus aureus.]]>502734