Journal of Biological Sciences1727-30481812-5719Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/jbs.2010.348.354Tarsius bancanus Based on Partial Cytochrome b DNA Sequences]]>Md-ZainB.M. LeeS.J. LakimM. AmpengA. MahaniM.C. 42010104This study was carried out to ascertain the molecular phylogenetic position of Tarsius bancanus among Malaysian primates based on the partial of Cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequences. A total of five samples of Tarsius bancanus from Sabah, Malaysia, were used in this study. Several other Malaysian primates were also included in the analysis (Leaf monkeys (Presbytis and Trachypithecus), Macaques (Macaca), Siamang (Symphalangus) and Slow loris (Nycticebus). We also included DNA sequences of several prosimians (Galago, Cheirogaleus, Daubentonia, Indri, Avahi, Lemur and Lepilemur) from GenBank. In addition, one individual of orang utan (Pongo pygmaeus) and human (Homo sapiens) were used as outgroups to root the tree. All taxa were analysed using character method (Maximum Parsimony, MP) and distance method (Neighbor-Joining, NJ). From the 375 examined characters, 43.2% were constant characters while 4.8% characters were parsimony uninformative whereas 52.0% characters were parsimony informative. Tree topologies discriminated three major clades in which primitive primates, Old World Monkeys and Anthropoids belongs to their own monophyletic clades. Both MP and NJ trees showed that T. bancanus was placed in primitive primates group.]]>Adkins, R.M. and R.L. Honeycutt,199438215231Madsen, H.A, K.P. Koepfli, R.K. Wayne and M.S. Springer,200328225240Andrew, T.D., L.S. Jermiin and S. Easteal,199847249257Arnason, U., J.A. Adegoke, K. Bodin, E.W. Born and Y.B. Esa et al.,20029981518156Brandon-Jones, D., A.A. Eudey, T. Geissmann, C.P. Groves and D.J. Melnick et al.,20042597164Caine, L., G. Lima, L. Pontes, D. Abrantes, M. Pereira and M.F. Pinheiro,20061288145147Chaveerach, A., T. Tanee, N. Sattayasai, A. Tanomtong, S.A. Suarez and S. Nuchadomrong,20071014451451Ernie, M.M.A., N. Ahmad, K.C. Ang, A. Ampeng and Z.Z. Zainal et al.,2005227176Eizirik, E., W.J. Murphy and S.J. O'Brien,200192212219Gibson, A., V.G. Shankar, P.G. Higgs and M. Rattray,200522251264Gonder, M.K., T.R. Disotell and J.F. Oates,20062711031127Groves, C.P.,1998391327Groves, C.,2001Hayasaka, K., C.G. Skinner, M. Goodman and J.L. Slightom,2003182028Hudelot, C., V.G. Shankar, H. Jow, M. Rattray and P.G. Higgs,200328241252Murayama, M.I., O. Takenaka and Y. Murayama,199839217224Irwin, D.M., T.D. Kocher and A.C. Wilson,1991b gene of mammals.]]>32128144Jaworski, C.J.,199541901908Jow, H., C. Hudelot, M. Rattray and P.G. Higgs,20021915911601Karanth, K.P., L. Singh, R.V. Collura and C.B. Stewart,200846683694Kocher, T.D., W.K. Thomas, A. Meyer, S.V. Edwards, S. Paabo, F.X. Villablanca and A.C. Wilson,19898661966200Lim, L.S., K.C. Ang, M.C. Mahani, A.W. Shahrom and B.M. Md-Zain,2010107183Martin, R.D.,1990Masters, J.C., M. Boniotto, S. Crovella, C. Roos, L. Pozzi and M. DelPero,200769615Matsui, A., F. Rakotondraparany, I. Munechika, M. Hasegawa and S. Horai,20094415366Md-Zain, B.M., J.C. Morales, M.N. Hassan, A. Jasmi and D.J. Melnick,2005Trachypithecus as inferred from Y-chromosome and autosomal DNA sequences.]]>124854Md-Zain, B.M., J.C. Morales, M.N. Hassan, J. Abdul, M. Lakim, J. Supriatna and D.J. Melnick,2008Presbytis a distinct monophyletic genus: Inferences from mitochondrial DNA sequences.]]>12636Merker, S. and C.P. Groves,200627465485Merker, S., C. Driller, D.P. Farajallah, R. Zahner and H. Zischler,2007Tarsius sp.).]]>712161218Merker, S., C. Driller, I.N. Arboleda and H. Zischler,2008Tarsius syrichta).]]>913491351Mittermaier, R.A., A.B. Rylands and W.R. Konstant,19991999pp: 1-52pp: 1-52Murphy, W.J., E. Eizirik, W.E. Johnson, Y.P. Zhang, O.A. Ryder and S.J. O'Brien,2001409614618Napier, P.H.,1970Osterholz, M., L. Walter and C. Roos,2008Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus among Asian colobines and genus affiliations of their species groups.]]>85858Poux, C. and E.J. Douzery,2004124116Mafham, R.P. and K.P. Mafham,1992Raina, S.Z., J.J. Faith, T.R. Disotell, H. Seligmann, C.B. Stewart and D.D. Pollock,200515665673Ross, C., B. Williams and R.F. Kay,199835221306Roos, C., T. Nadler and L. Walter,2008Trachypithecus cristatus).]]>47629636Schmitz, J., M. Ohme and H. Zischler,2001Tarsius bancanus to other primates.]]>157777784Schmitz, J., M. Ohme and H. Zischler,2002Tarsius bancanus: Evidence for an extensive nucleotide compositional plasticity of primate mitochondrial DNA.]]>19544553Shahrom, A.W., L.S. Lim, B.M. Md-Zain, M.C. Mahani and S. Noor-Azma,2005815Shoshani, J., C.P. Groves, E.L. Simons and G.F. Gunnell,19965102154Stanhope, M.J., W.J. Bailey, J. Czelusniak, M. Goodman and J.S. Si et al.,19931993pp: 251-292pp: 251-292Steiper, M.E.,200650509522Szalay, F.S. and E. Delson,1979Tanee, T., A. Chaveerach, R. Sudmoon, A. Tanomtong and P. Mokkamul,200995156Uddin, M., J.C. Opazo, D.E. Wildman, C.C. Sherwood, P.R. Hof, M. Goodman and L.I. Grossman,2008888