Journal of Biological Sciences1727-30481812-5719Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/jbs.2007.1511.1519GuruvayoorappanC. KuttanGirija 8200778The antiangiogenic activity of rutin was studied using in vivo as well as in vitro models. In vivo angiogenic activity was studied using B16F-10 melanoma cell-induced capillary formation in C57BL/6 mice. Administration of rutin significantly inhibited (43.35%) the number of tumor directed capillaries induced by injecting B16F-10 melanoma cells on the ventral side of C57BL/6 mice. Rutin at non-toxic concentrations (5-25 μg mL-1) inhibited the vessel sprouting in rat aortic ring assay. Moreover, rutin was able to inhibit the proliferation, migration and capillary-like tube formation of human endothelial cells, the key steps of angiogenesis. Present studies using Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) revealed that rutin could suppress the expression and production of VEGF and IL-1β and stimulate the production of TNF-α. Hence, the observed antiangiogenic activity of rutin is related to the regulation of these cytokines and growth factors by TAMs.]]>Balkwill, F. and A. Mantovani,2001357539545Barbera-Guillem, E., J.K. Nyhus, C.C. Wolford, C.R. Friece and J.W. Sampsel,20026270427049Bergers, G. and L.E. Benjamin,20033401410Bombardelli, E. and P. Morazzoni,1993112528Cheng, N. and J. Chen,20012761377113777Choi, Y.H., L. Zhang, W.H. Lee and K.Y. Park,199813391396Davis, J.N., B. Singh, M. Bhuiyan and F.H. Sarkar,199831123131Deschner, E.E., J. Ruperto, G. Wong and H.L. Newmark,19911211931196Dianarello, C.A.,19968720952147Dinarello, C.A.,199816457499Fajardo, I.F., H.H. Kwan, J. Kowalski, S.D. Prionas and A.C. Allison,1992140539544Foa, R., M. Massaia, S. Cardona, A.G. Tos and A. Bianchi et al.,199076393400Folkman, J. and Y. Shing,19922671093111934Forsythe, J.A., B.H. Jiang, N.V. Iyer, F. Agani, S.W. Leung, R.D. Koos and G.L. Semenza,19961646044613Fotsis, T., M. Pepper, H. Adlercreutz, G. Fleischmann, T. Hase, R. Montesano and L. Schweigerer,1993in vitro angiogenesis.]]>9026902694Ghezzi, P., C.A. Dinarello, M. Bianchi, M.E. Rosandich, J.E. Repine and C.W. White,19913189194Gupta, K., S. Kshirasagar, L. Chang, R. Schwartz and P.Y. Law,20026244914498Ihme, N., H. Kiesewetter, F. Jung, K.H. Hoffmann, A. Birk, A. Muller and K.I. Grutzner, 199650443447Jaffe, E.A., R.L. Nachman, C.G. Becker and C.R. Minick,19735227452756Jung, Y.J., J.S. Issacs, S. Lee, J. Trepel and L. Neckers,20031721152117Kataki, A., P. Scheid, M. Piet, B. Marie, N. Martinet, Y. Martinet and J.M. Vignaud,2002140320328Kerbel, R. and J. Folkman,20022727739Menon, L.G., R. Kuttan and G. Kuttan,199595221225Lee, O.H., Y.M. Kim, Y.M. Lee, E.J. Moon and D.J. Lee,1999264743750Lejeune, F.J., C. Ruegg and D. Lienard,199810573580Lian, F., M. Bhuiyan, Y.M. Li, N. Wall, M. Kraut and F.H. Sarkar,199831184191Lingen, M.W.,20011256771Mantovani, A., B. Bottazzi, F. Colatta, S. Sozani and L. Ruco,199213265270Matsukawa, Y., N. Marui, T. Sakai, Y. Satomi, M. Yoshida, K. Matsumoto, H. Nishino and A. Aoike,19935313281331Metodiewa, D., A. Kochman and S. Karolczak,19974110671075Naldini, A., A. Pucci and F. Carraro,200113334341Oomah, B.D. and G. Mazza,19964417461750Ponce, M.L., M. Nomizu and H.K. Kleinman,20011513891397Romero, I., A. Paez, A. Ferruelo, M. Lujan and A. Berenguer,200289950954Roy, S., S. Khanna, H.M. Alessio, J. Vider, D. Bagchi, M. Bagchi and C.K. Sen,20023610231031Schioppa, T., B. Uranchimeg, A. Saccani, S.K. Biswas and A. Doni et al.,200319813911402Schoppmann, S.F., P. Birner, J. Stockl, R. Ullrich and C. Caucig et al.,2002161947956Toi, M., S. Kondo, H. Suzuki, Y. Yamamoto, K. Inada, T. Imazawa, T. Taniguchi and T. Tominaga,19967711011106Voronov, E., D.S. Shouval, Y. Krelin, E. Carnano and D. Benharroch et al.,200310026452650