Journal of Biological Sciences1727-30481812-5719Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/jbs.2005.193.200Bacillus Species]]>HoqMd. Mozammel SiddiqueeKhandaker Al Zaid KawasakiHiroko SekiTatsuji 2200552Eight bacillus bacteria newly isolated from the effluents of tannery and poultry
farms using a feather enrichment technique were identified on the basis of 16S
ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis, physiological and carbohydrates assimilation
tests. Of them, 3 isolates were revealed as the strains of Bacillus licheniformis,
two as B. cereus group and one each of B. subtilis, B. borstelensis
and B. sphericus. Most of them demonstrated significant levels of keratinolytic
protease on keratinous substrates (feather meal or hair keratin) in basal medium
as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur at 37°C
and pH 8.0 in shake culture. Supplementation of yeast extract and molasses with
feather in the basal medium increased the enzyme activity by most of the bacillus
cultures. Commercial feather meal supported higher activity than that of commercial
keratin powder. Of the bacillus species, B. subtilis MZK-7 and three
strains of B. licheniformis displayed higher levels of keratinolytic
activity under comparable conditions. The enzyme activity was found to be a
function of cultivation times by different bacillus cultures. B. borstelensis
MZK-6had reached to its maximum activity after 32 h while the others
did the same after 48 to 60 h on feather meal. The hydrolysis of synthetic peptides
tested suggests that, among others, the enzymes from B. licheniformis strains
and B. subtilis MZK-7 possess high levels of chymotripsin like (active
towards Suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-pNA) and proteinase-K, elastase and subtilisin like (active
towards Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA) protease activities. The protease inhibition
studies with the enzymes from B. licheniformis strains and B. subtilis
MZK-7 demonstrated the enzyme as serine protease while that of from B. borstenlensis
MZK-6 and two strains B. cereus group demonstrated the neutral protease.
The present results will be a useful basis for future studies on biotechnological
production and application of keratinolytic enzymes.]]>Fraserb, R.D.B., T.P. Macrae, D.A.D. Parry and E. Suzuki,196910810826Onifade, A.A., N.A. Al-Sane, A.A. Al-Musallam and S. Al-Zarban,199866111Lahl, W.J. and S.D. Braun,1994486871Mukhopadhyay, R.P. and A.L. Chandra,199028575577Letourneau, F., V. Soussotte, P. Bressoier, P. Brandland and V.V. Verneuil,1998Streptomyces sp. S.K-02: A new isolated strain.]]>267780Joo, H.S., C.G. Kumar, G.C. Park, K.T. Kim, S.R. Paik and C.S. Chang,2002Bacillus horikoshii.]]>38155159Harwood, C.R.,1992Bacillus subtilis and its relatives: Molecular biological and industrial workhorses.]]>10247256Han, J., C.H. Park and R. Ruan,199517851852Manachini, P.L. and M.G. Fortina,1998Bacillus lichniformis.]]>20565568Williams, C.M., C.S. Richter, J.M. Mackenzie and J.C.H. Shih,19905615091515Lin, X., C.G. Lee, E.S. Casale and J.C.H. Shih,1992Bacillus licheniformis strain.]]>5832713275Lin, X., G.D. Ingilis, L.J. Yanke and K.Z. Cheng,199923149153Lin, X., S.L. Wong, E.S. Miller and J.C.H. Shih,1997Bacillus licheniformis PWD-1 keratinase gene in B. Subtilis.]]>19134138Cheng, S.W., H.M. Hu and S.W. Shen,1995Bacillus licheniformis PWD-l.]]>5922392243Evans, K.L., J. Crowder and E.S. Miller,2000Bacillus spp. Hydrolyze keratin and allow grow on feathers.]]>4610041011Rozs, M., L. Manczinger, C. Vagvolgyi, F. Kevei, A. Hochkoeppler and A.G. Vara-y-Rodriguez,2001Bacillus licheniformis.]]>2319251929Yamamura, S., Y. Morita, Q. Hasan, K. Yokoyama and E. Tamiya,2002Stenotrophhomonas sp.]]>29411381143Kawasaki, H., Y. Hpshino, A. Hirata and K. Yamasato,1993160358362Brosius, J., T.J. Dull, D.D. Sleeter and H.F. Noller,1981Escherichia coli.]]>148107127Thompson, J.D., D.G. Higgins and T.J. Gibson,19942246734680Kimura, M.,198016111120Saitou, N. and M. Nei,19874406425Felsenstein, J.,198539783791Gradisar, H., S. Kern and I. Friedrich,2000Doratomyces microsporous.]]>53196200Kobayashi, T., Y. Hakamada, S. Adachi, J. Hitomi and T. Yoshimatsue et al.,1995Bacillus sp. KSM-K16.]]>43473481Kregler, A. and D. Lockwood,1981Vibrio vulnificus.]]>33583590Fullbrook, P.D.,19962nd Edn.,Brock, T.D., M.T. Madigan, J.M. Martinko and J. Parker,19977th Edn.,pp: 237-386pp: 237-386Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritsch and T.A. Maniatis,19892nd Edn.,Pages: 397Pages: 397Bradford, M.M.,197672248254Altschul, S.F., T.L. Madden, A.A. Schaffer, J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, W. Miller and D.J. Lipman,19972533893402