International Journal of Zoological Research1811-97781811-9786Academic Journals Inc.10.3923/ijzr.2006.136.149AhmedR. G.2200622The number of reports on the effects of temperature is still increasing because of the temperature is one of the most encountered stressful factors in the environment, thus it deemed important to survey the literatures for effects of temperature on the biological consequences. The objective of this review was to establish the thermoregulatory response and adaptation of some non-mammalian species during temperature. Although, there was relative scarcity of information on the relation between oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes during temperature, this review great interest to elicit this relation in non-mammalian species. Here, this review suggests that, the increase in the oxidative stress due to temperature may be a reason for such decrease and exhaustion of antioxidant enzymes and a sequence of cellular injury or death, because of increased endogenous production of the free radicals. However, there was exception in this hypothesis because this argument is still ambiguous because of the difficulties of the direct observation of the active oxygen species in the biological systems due to their short lifetime. Taken together, because of one of the most important functions of heat shock protein is to protect the organisms from the deleterious effects of temperature, thus, it can be hypothesized that the formation of heat shock protein and antioxidant enzymes may be related to the changes in the levels of free radicals in non-mammalian species during temperature.]]>Abdel-Salam, A.W. and M.N. Mosaad,1996Streptopelia senegalensis.]]>467783Anitha, B., N. Chandra, P.M. Gopinath and G. Durairaj,2000Carassius auratus).]]>46918Arai, A., H. Mitani, K. Naruse and A. Shima,1994Oryzias (Pisces).]]>109647654Arai, A., K. Naruse, H. Mitani and A. Shima,1995Oryzias.]]>70423433Arjona, A.A., D.M. Denbow and W.D. Weaver,198867226231Aschoff, J.,19838143147Baldwin, F.M.,1925Chrysemys marginata belli) (Gray) and (Chelydra serpentina) (Linn).]]>72210211Baldwin, F.M.,1925Chrysemys marginata belli (Gray) and Chelydra serpentina (Linn).]]>48432445Barbe, M.F., M.D. Tytell, D.J. Grower and W.J. Welch,198824118171820Bartholomew, A.G. and A.V. Tucker,1963Amphibolurus Barbatus.]]>36199218Bernstein, M.H.,1973Excalfactoria chinensis.]]>44355366Bogert, M.C.,1959200105120Bowler, K.,1963Astacus pallipes. I. Experiments on intact animals.]]>62119132Bowler, K.,198741157185Bretz, W.L. and K. Schmidt-Nielsen,197154103118Brown, C.R., Q.H. Brown, S.H. Doxsey and W.J. Welch,1996271824832Brown, M.A., R.P. Upender, L.E. Hightower and J.L. Renfro,19928932463250Buschini, A., P. Carboni, A. Martino, P. Poli and C. Rossi,2003Dreissena polymorpha.]]>5378192Casterlin, M.E.A. and W.W. Reynolds,197720593596Choo, K., P. Snoeijs and M. Pedersen,2004Cladophora glomerata and Enteromorpha ahlneriana.]]>298111123Cloudsely-Thompson, J.L.,1968217575575Collier, A., A. Rumley, A.G. Rumley, J.R. Paterson, J.P. Leach, G.D. Lowe and M. Small,199241909913Craig, E.A. and C.A. Gross,199116135140Craig, E.A.,198518239280Dawson, W.R., A.F. Bennet and J.W. Hudson,1976784960Dawson, W.R.,1967pp: 230-257pp: 230-257Diaz, F. and L.F. Buckle,199924155160Donkoh, A., 198933259265Dormandy, T.L.,19832910101014Dotan, Y., D. Lichtenberg and I. Pinchuk,200443200227Duncan, C.J.,198787581594Edens, F.W. and H.S. Siegel,1975256473Etches, R.J., I.M. John and A.M.V. Gibbins,19951995pp: 31-65pp: 31-65Farmer, K.J. and R.S. Sohal,1987Musca domestica.]]>225965Feder, M.E. and G.E. Hofmann,199961243282Feenster, R.,1985383841Florides, G.A., L.C. Wrobel, S.A. Kalogirou and S.A. Tassou,199924113Frankel, G.,1960Limulus polyphemus, Littorina littorea and Pagurus longicarpus.]]>11171182Frankel, H.M., G. Steinberg and J. Gordon,1966Pseudemyces Scripta Elegans, in vivo.]]>19279283Freeman, B.A. and J.D. Crapo,198247412426Freeman, B.M.,196566772Gabriel, J.E., J.A. Ferro, R.M.P. Stefani, M.I.T. Ferro, S.L. Gomes and M. Macari,199637443449Gladwell, R.T., K. Bowler and C.J. Duncan,1975Austropotamobius pallipes ion movements and their effects on excitable tissues during heat death.]]>17994Grainger, J.N.R.,1973Rana temporaria L.]]>73283290Graser, R.T., D. Malnar-Dragojevic and V. Vincek,1996hsc70) gene from the zebrafish (Danio rerio).]]>98273276Halliwell, B. and J.M. Gutteridge,1998Halliwell, B. and J.M.C. Gutteridge,19892nd Edn.,pp: 188-218pp: 188-218Halliwell, B.,1994344721724Halliwell, B. and J.M.C. Gutteridge,1999Hammel, H.T. and J.B. Pierce,196830641710Heller, H.C., R. Graf and W. Rautenberg,1983245R321R328Hightower, L.E., C.E. Norris, P.J. Diiorio and E. Fielding,199939877888Hissa, R., S. Saarela, H. Rintamaki, H. Linden and E. Hohtola,1983Tetrao urogallus.]]>56142151Hofmann, G.E. and G.N. Somero,1995Mytilus trossulus.]]>19815091518Kampinga, H.H., J.F. Brunsting, G.J.J. Stege, A.W.T. Konings and J. Landry,199420411701177Klasing, K.C.,1998pp: 277-299pp: 277-299Kothary, R.K., D. Jones and E.P. Candido,1984417851791Lehti-Koivunen, S.L. and L.A. Kivivuori,1994Astacus astacus L. on the locomotor activity during a cyclic temperature change.]]>19299304Livingstone, D.R., J.K. Chipman, D.M. Lowe, C. Minier and C.L. Mitchelmore et al.,2000Mytilus edulis L.) and other mytilids.]]>135691Livingstone, D.R.,200142656666Maeda, Y., Y. Fukunaga, S. Okamoto and T. Hashiguch,19922 production and muscle protein turnover rate by selection for body size in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix Japonica.]]>103767770Marzouk, M.,1992Streptopelia sevegalensis.]]>42219225Mates, J.M., C. Perez-Gomez and I.N. de Castro,199932595603McDowell, L.R.,1989pp: 93-131pp: 93-131McMahon, R.R.,19911991pp: 315-399pp: 315-399McNabb, R.A., A. Stouffer and F.M.A. McNabb,1972Coturnix coturnix japonica).]]>43187193Michael, G. and H.N. John,198368591602Michel, M.R., D. Favre, E. Studer, A. Arrigo and C. Kempf,1994223791797Minier, C., V. Borghi, M.N. Moore and C. Porte,2000Mytilus galloprovincialis.]]>50167176Molina, A., F. Biemar, F. Muller, A. Iyengar, P. Prunet, N. Maclean, J.A. Martial and M. Muller,2000474510Moye, R.J. Jr., K.W. Washburn and T.M. Huston,19694816831686Murukami, H.K., D. Pain and G. Blobel,198810720512057Myhre, K.,1978Gallus domesticus).]]>5713691375Naziroglu, M., K. Sahin, H. Simsek, N. Aydilek and O.N. Ertas,2000107199202Nichelmann, M., S. Koch, I. Michler, L. Lyhs and C. Grobkop,197631773777Norris, C.E., P.J. di Iorio, R.J. Schultz and L.E. Hightower,19951210481062Omar, R. and K. Lanks,19844439763982Omar, R. and M. Pappolla,1993242262267Paladino, F.V., J.R. Spotila, J.P. Schubauer and K.T. Kowalski,198039115122Parsell, D.A. and S. Lindquist,199327437496Pedersen, H.C. and J.B. Steen,1979Lagopus lagopus).]]>101721Pelham, H.R.B.,198646959961Place, S.P. and G.E. Hofmann,2001Gillichthys mirabilis.]]>20426752682Przekwas, M., S. Matgorzewicz, Z. Zdrojewski, A. Debska-Slizien, W. Lysiak-Szydtowska and B. Rutkowski,20033521702173Qmar, R.A., S. Yano and Y. Kikkawa,19874734733476Randall, L.L. and S.J.S. Hardy,1986E coli.]]>46921928Randall, W.C.,19431395663Rapatz, G.L. and X.J. Musacchia,1957Chrysemya picta during fasting and cold torpor.]]>188456460Reynolds, W.W. and M.E. Casterlin,1978Petromyzon marinus) in an electronic shuttlebox.]]>61145147Reynolds, W.W. and M.E. Casterlin,1978Mustelus canis.]]>37427427Reynolds, W.W. and M.E. Casterlin,197739123125Reynolds, W.W. and M.E. Casterlin,19761976pp: 185-190pp: 185-190Reynolds, W.W., R.W. McCauley, M.E. Casterlin and L.I. Crawshaw,1976Micropterus salmoides.]]>54461463Richard, C., F. Lemonnier, M. Thibault, M. Ccuturier and P. Auzepy, 19901849Riedesel, M.L., J.L. Cloudsely-Thompson and J.A. Cloudsely-Thompson,1971442832Robertston, J.D.,1970Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus).]]>138157183Robin, E.D.,1962195249251Rome, L.C., E.D. Stevens and H.B. John-Alder,19921992pp: 183-205pp: 183-205Sahin, K., N. Sahin, M. Onderci, S. Yaralioglu and O. Kucuk,200146140144Santacruz, H., S. Vriz and N. Angelier,199721223233Schmidt-Nielsen, K. and W.R. Dawson,19641964pp: 467-480pp: 467-480Slater, T.F.,1984222115Smith, A.J. and O. Oliver,197210320Sohal, R.S. and R.G. Alien,199025499522Sohal, R.S., A. Muller, B. Koletzko and H. Sies,1985Musca domestica.]]>29317326Sohal, R.S. and R. Weindruch,19962735963Sturbaum, B.A. and M.L. Riedesel,1977Terrapene ornata.]]>589397Sturbaum, B.A. and M.L. Riedesel,1974Terrapene ornata, to beat.]]>48527538Takeda, K., Y. Shimada, M. Amano, T. Sakal, T. Okada and I. Yoshiya, 198412957959Tawk, M., C. Joulie and S. Vriz,200099183186Toyokuni, S., 19994991102Tucker, V.A.,1968485566Vo, K.V., M.A. Boone and W.E. Johnston,197857798803Wang, S. and F.W. Edens,19987716361645Welch, W.J.,1990pp: 223-227pp: 223-227White, C.N., L.E. Hightower and R.J. Schultz,1994Poe-ciliidae, Poeciliopsis).]]>11106119Wolfenson, D., Y.F. Feri, N. Snapir and A. Berman,197920167174Yahav, S. and S. Hurwitz,199675402406Yahav, S. and I. Plavnik,199940120126Yahav, S., A. Shamay, G. Horev, D. Bar-ilan, O. Genina and M. Friedman-Einat,19977614281434Yalcin, S., S. Ozkan, L. Turkmut and P.B. Siegel,200142149152Zafarullah, M., J. Wisniewski, N.W. Shworak, S. Schieman, S. Misra and L. Gedamu,1992204893900Zimmerman, J.J.,19944213Zulkifli, I., M.T. Che Norma, D.A. Israf and A.R. Omar,200243141145Zulkifli, I., P.K. Liew, D.A. Israf, A.R. Omar and M. Hair-Bejo,200328217222