International Journal of Virology1816-4900xxxx-xxxxAcademic Journals Inc.10.3923/ijv.2020.1.7Mohammed BasharDanlami BasiruAliyu UcheciNnadi MohammedSani 12020161Background and Objective: Nigeria is classified as an area of high endemicity for hepatitis B virus infection. This study sought to provide an up-to-date assessment of acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infections and risk factors associated with viral transmission among outpatient in Kebbi state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were obtained for the qualitative detection of HBsAg; Anti-HBc and IgM anti-HBc. Demographic data were collected by using a questionnaire. Acute and chronic HBV infections were interpreted base on CDC clinical case definition. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the result. Results: Of the 2565 participants, 503 (19.6%) were diagnosed with HBV infection. Total 417 (16.3%) had acute, while 86 (3.4%) had a chronic infection. Two-third of acute (75.1%) and chronic (70.9%) infections were in males. The infection was more prevalent in adults (acute: 51.1%, chronic: 44.2%) (Median age 29.5). The highest prevalence of chronic infections was observed among married participants (41.9%). Participants who had a history of HBV vaccines had the lowest prevalence (acute: 10.1%, chronic: 3.5%). The risk of HBV infection was 7.8 times more likely to be higher in the age group 40-59 years (OR 7.8, 95% CI 5.6-10.9), 4.2 times higher in the age group 20-39 years (OR 4.2, 95% CI 3.1-5.6). Participants who had previous records of blood transfusion were 24.4 times likely to have HBV infection (OR 24.4, 95% CI 19.8-30.0). Those with the previous history of STIs were 5.1 times (OR 5.1, 95% CI 4.2-6.3) likely to come with HBV infection. Conclusion: This study shows that people diagnosed with acute and chronic infection in Kebbi state, were predominantly adult males, with a history of sexually transmitted infection, who had no history of HBV vaccine. Therefore, screening for HBsAg, anti-HBc and IgM anti-HBc within the population is vital for early diagnosis of both acute and chronic HBV infections and national immunization programs remain the best strategy to reduce the burden of the disease.]]>World Health Organization,201737223225Jefferies, M., B. Rauff, H. Rashid, T. Lam and S. Rafiq,20186589599Nelson, N.P., P.J. Easterbrook and B.J. McMahon,201620607628Olayinka, A.T., A. Nasidi, S. Gidado, S. Sha'aibu and M.S. Balogun et al.,201695902907Spearman, C.W., M. Afihene, R. Ally, B. Apica and Y. Awuku et al.,20172900909Sani, M.M., W. Hafsat, M.A. Sakinatu, A. Ibrahim, M. Sani and M.Y. Alhassan,201815114117Eke, A.C., G.U. Eleje, U.A. Eke, Y. Xia and J. Liu,20172017Musa, B.M., S. Bussell, M.M. Borodo, A.A. Samaila and O.L. Femi,201518163172Adegbesan-Omilabu, M.A., K.S. Okunade, A. Gbadegesin, O.F. Olowoselu, A.A. Oluwole and S.A. Omilabu,201518819823Yakubu, A., D.M. Sahabi, A.A. Umar, Y. Saidu and U.F. Magaji,2017245763Ekuma, O.O., J.D. Mawak, A.U. Uwakwe, O. Ogbu, F.N. Okoh, M.V. Agah and A.U. Nnachi,201423539Yakasai, I., I. Abubakar, R. Ayyuba and S. Ibrahim,201214955Njoku, O.O.,201645450451Adekeye, A.M., A.A. Chukwuedo, P.N. Zhakom and R.S. Yakubu,20135101104Bukbuk, D.N., A.P. Bassi and Z.M. Mangoro,2005172023Anaedobe, C.G., A. Fowotade, C. Omoruyi and R. Bakare,20152015Schweitzer, A., J. Horn, R.T. Mikolajczyk, G. Krause and J.J. Ott,201538615461555Eke, A.C., U.A. Eke, C.I. Okafor, I.U. Ezebialu and C. Ogbuagu,20112011 WHO.,2015 Pages: 166 Pages: 166WHO,201737223225Oyinloye, S.O., D.N. Bukbuk and F.A. Sanda,20192019