International Journal of Poultry Science1682-83561994-7992Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijps.2018.605.609Trichoderma harzianum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Crude Protein, Crude fibre and Zinc Content of Duckweed]]>SetiyatwanHendi HarliaE. RusmanaD. BenitoTubagus AdrianiLovita 1220181712Background and Objectives: Duckweed has a potential to be used as poultry feed, however due to its high crude fibre content, its inclusion at high levels is limited. This could be overcome by means of fermentation with microbial strains like Trichoderma harzianum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Therefore, the present study was designed in order to improve the nutritive value of duckweed by fermentation with Trichoderma harzianum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Materials and Methods: There were five treatments, each having 4 replicates, thus making it a total of 20 experimental units. The treatments consisted of P1: (Fermentation using Trichoderma harzianum for 1 day followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation for 9 days), P2: (Trichoderma harzianum for 3 days followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation for 7 days), P3: (Trichoderma harzianum for 5 days followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentationfor5 days), P4: (Trichoderma harzianum for 7 days followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentationfor 3 days) and P5: (Trichoderma harzianum for 9 days followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation for 1 day). Results: The fermentation of Duckweed using Trichoderma harzianum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae microbes was found helpful in modifying the nutritive value of duckweed. The best combination that improved the nutritive value of duckweed in terms of increasing the crude protein (33.88%) and zinc (88.6%) content and decreasing the crude fibre (8.16%) content was P2 in which duckweed was fermented with Trichoderma harzianum for 3 days followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation for 7 days. Conclusion: Fermentation with Trichoderma harzianum for 3 days followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation was found effective in improving the nutrient composition of duckweed for poultry feeding.]]>Kittiwongwattana, C. and S. Vuttipongchaikij,2013Lemna minor and Landoltia punctata during in vitro and ex vitro cultivation.]]>76069Nopriani, U., P.D.M.H. Karti and I. Prihantoro,2014Lemna sp. minor) as a forage alternative feed of livestock at different light intensities.]]>19272286Tanuwiria, U.H. and Febrianto,20172017pp: 300309Akter, M., S.D. Chowdhury, Y. Akter and M.A. Khatun,2011Lemna minor) meal in the diet of laying hen and their performance.]]>5252261Gwaze, F.R. and M. Mwale,20152015Haustein, A.T., R.H. Gillman, P.W. Skillicorn, V. Vergara, V. Guevara and A. Gastanaduy,1990Lemnacea species.]]>6918351844Setiyatwan, H.,2007Trichoderma harzianum.]]>7111116Ngamsaeng, A., S. Thy and T.R. Preston, 2004Lemna minor) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) as protein supplements for ducks fed broken rice as the basal diet.]]>161824Tamang, J.P., K. Watanabe and W.H. Holzapfel,20162016Thapa, N. and J.P. Tamang,20152015pp: 111-168pp: 111-168Astuti, M., A. Meliala, F.S. Dalais and M.L. Wahlqvist,20009322325Ghosh, D. and P. Chattopadhyay,201148610615Ginting, S.P. and R. Krisnan,20062006Hensing, M.C.M., R.J. Rouwenhorst, J.J. Heijnen, J.P. van Dijken and J.T. Pronk,199567261279Castro, C.E. and J.S. Sevall,19931993pp: 141-150pp: 141-150De Nicola, R., N. Hall, T. Bollag, G. Thermogiannis and G.M. Walker,200918594Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie,19912nd Edn.,Omwango, E.O., E.N.M. Njagi, G.O. Orinda and R.N. Wanjau,2013Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride by solid state fermentation.]]>1261936196Ezekiel, O.O. and O.C. Aworh,2013Trichoderma viride (ATCC 36316) for protein enrichment.]]>7667674Kuswardani, I. and A.I. Wijajaseputra,19981998Kustyawati, M.E., M. Sari and T. Haryati,2013Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the biochemical properties of Tapioca.]]>33281287Hatta, U., O. Sjofjan, I. Subagiyo and B. Sundu,2014Trichoderma viride on nutritive value of copra meal, cellulase activity and performance of broiler chickens.]]>2014Nsereko, V.L., K.A. Beauchemin, D.P. Morgavi, L.M. Rode and A.F. Furtado et al.,2002Trichoderma longibrachiatum on the rumen microbial population of dairy cows.]]>481420Shaikh, A., A.A. Kathe and V. Mageshwaran,2014196773Azia, A., R. Levy, R. Unger, M. Edelman and V. Sobolev,201583931939Strnadova, P., V. Svobodova, L. Pavlata, L. Misurova and R. Dvorak,201180131137Schneider, T., D.P. Persson, S. Husted, M. Schellenberg and P. Gehrig et al.,2013Noccaea caerulescens (J & C. Presl) F.K. Meyer.]]>73131142