International Journal of Plant Pathology1996-0719xxxx-xxxxKnowledgia Review10.3923/ijpp.2012.74.81 Ocimum gratissimum (L.) and Aframomum melegueta (K. Schum.) Extracts on the Growth of Sclerotium rolfsii (Sacc.)]]>AdesegunE.A. AjayiE.O. AdebayoO.S. AkintokunA.K. EnikuomehinO.A. 2201232Southern blight disease of tomato induced by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
is known to cause about 60% reduction in tomato yield under rain fed condition.
The use of resistant varieties and chemicals has not provided adequate control
due to the persistent nature of the pathogen, poor adaptation of cultivars,
high cost and scarcity of the chemicals. An alternative method of control was
examined by evaluating the inhibitory effect of some selected spices on Southern
blight disease of tomato in vitro and in vivo. Water and ethanol
extraction of the seeds of Aframomum melegueta K. Schum. and leaves of
Ocimum gratissimum L. was done at 1-5% v/v. Sclerotium rolfsii was
isolated from infected plants. The in vivo experiment was laid out in
triplicates in completely randomised design using the same extracts. The synthetic
fungicide served as the control. All data collected were subjected to Analysis
of Variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using fishers
LSD. The results showed that the spice extracts differed significantly (p<0.05)
in their potential to inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii. In all, the extracts
inhibition decreases with increase in concentration. Ethanol extract of the
two spices at 3-5% concentration showed total inhibition (0.00 mm) on the mycelial
growth. The in vivo experiment showed that plants treated with 5% O.
gratissimum extract performed better in reducing Southern blight severity,
gave highest fruit weight at 5% extract concentration. It was also observed.
The two spice extracts are potential options for the management of S. rolfsii
as they compared favourably with fungus force, a synthetic pesticide recommended
for the control of S. rolfsii.]]>Afroz, M., M. Ashrafuzzaman, M.N.A. Ali, M.E. Azim and M.R. Azim,200835459Amadioha, A.C.,2000Rhizopus oryzae causing tuber rot of potato.]]>419Amadioha, A.C. and V.I. Obi,1999Azadirachta indica and Xylopia aethiopica on Colletotrichum lindemuthianum.]]>63340Abera, A., F. Lemessa and D. Muleta,2011Colletotrichum kahawae.]]>6268279Chet, I.,19752194200Derbalah, A.S., M.S. El-Mahrouk and A.B. El-Sayed,2011Alternaria solani.]]>10115121De Cal, A., S. Pascual, I. Larena and P. Melgarejo,1995Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.]]>44909917Egharevba, R.K.A.,19911991Enikuomehin, O.A.,1995Triticum aestivum L.) in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria.]]>1995Enikuomehin, O.A., T. Ikotun and E.J. Ekpo,1998Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).]]>1428187Enikuomehin, O.A.,2005Sesame indicum L.) with plant extracts.]]>431923Eweis, M. and A.S. Gad,2011Beta vulgaris pathogens using Lantana camara Linn. essential oil in vitro.]]>7289294Farr, D.F., G.F. Bills, G.P. Chamuris and A.Y. Rossman,1989Pages: 1252Pages: 1252Ijeh, I.I., O.D. Omodamiro and I.J. Nwanna,2005Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica.]]>4953956Iwalokun, B.A., G.O. Gbenle, T.A. Adewole, S.I. Smith, K.A. Akinsinde and E.O. Omonigbehin,2003Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil at subinhibitory concentrations on virulent and multidrug-resistant Shigella strains from Lagos, Nigeria.]]>111477482Kateria, O.P. and J.P. Mittal,19841984Sallam, N.M.A.,201110187191Okabe, I., C. Morikawa and N. Matsumoto,2000349397Okereke, V.C. and R.C. Wokocha,2007In vitro growth of four isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc in the humid tropics.]]>618791881Okigbo, R.N. and O.U. Ogbonnanya,2006Ocimum gratissimum and Afromaomum melegueta on post harvest yam Dioscore spp rot.]]>5727731Onwuliri, F.C. and D.L. Wonang,2005Zingiber officinale L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) on some bacteria.]]>18224228Oyelana, O.A., E.U. Durugbo, O.D. Olukanni, E.A. Ayodele, Z.O. Aikulola and A.I. Adewole,2011Dioscorea rotundata from Southwest Nigeria.]]>11359366Punja, Z.K.,1985Sclerotium rolfsh.]]>2397127Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie,1984pp: 187-188pp: 187-188Udo, S.E., B.E. Madunagu and C.D. Isemin,2001143539Yusuf, S.M. and B.A.O. Okusanya,2007Lycopersicon lycopersicon L. Karst.) in Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria.]]>2007Zaker, M. and H. Mosallanejad,2010Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of alternaria leaf spot of potato.]]>1310231029Awuah, R.T.,1989115451453