International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2022.618.622Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Forming Isolates]]>KamilWeamIzzeldin Haidar AhmedHind Ibrahim Hashim Elhaj IsmailAhmed ElmissbahTariq-E. DahlawiHaytham 42022184Background and Objective:Tamarindus indica (T. indica) fruit is used as traditional medicine for the treatment of bacterial and parasitic infections in many tropical countries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a problematic bacterium that causes nosocomial/opportunistic infections. Planktonic, as well as biofilm forms of this bacterium, are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. Hence, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial potential of T. indica against P. aeruginosa forming bacteria from different clinical specimens. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive case study conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of methanolic extract of T. indica seeds on biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Sixty P. aeruginosa from urine, wounds, blood, eye swabs, ear swabs and sputum were tested against the methanolic extract of T. indica seeds (50, 100, 150 and 200 μg mL1) through the microtiter plate method. Results: The highest anti-pseudomonal activity of T. indica methanolic extract was among P. aeruginosa biofilm-forming isolates from blood as the 4 concentrations were significantly effective, followed by urine and wounds were 3 (100, 150 and 200 μg mL1) concentrations were highly effective (p = 0.00) and the lowest effects were among eye swabs, ear swabs and sputum with insignificant statistical correlation (p>0.05). Conclusion: Methanolic extract of T. indica seeds exhibited antimicrobial activity and inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa isolates at various concentrations. Tamarind could be a potential source for antimicrobial substances against biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa isolates.]]>Rasheed, S.F.,2014Tamarindus indica seeds extract and study the effect of extract on adherence and biofilm production of some bacteria.]]>54247Farnsworth, N.R.,1994Bhadoriya, S.S., A. Ganeshpurkar, J. Narwaria, G. Rai and A.P. Jain,2011Tamarindus indica : Extent of explored potential.]]>57381Khanzada, S.K., W. Shaikh, S. Sofia, T.G. Kazi, K. Usmanghani, A. Kabir and T.H. Sheerazi,2008Tamarindus indica L. medicinal plant in Sindh.]]>4025532559Sudjaroen, Y., R. Haubner, G. Wurtele, W.E. Hull and G. Erben et al.,2005Tamarindus indica L.) seeds and pericarp.]]>4316731682Itah, A.Y. and J.P. Essien,20052113171322Hoiby, N., O. Ciofu and T. Bjarnsholt,2010Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis.]]>516631674Winstanley, C. and J. Fothergill,2009Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.]]>29019Aridogan, B.C., H. Baydar, S. Kaya, M. Demirci, D. Ozbasar and E. Mumcu,200225860864Adonizio, A., K.F. Kong and K. Mathee,2008Pseudomonas aeruginosa by South Florida plant extracts.]]>52198203Islam, B., S.N. Khan, I. Haque, M. Alam, M. Mushfiq and A.U. Khan,2008Morus alba.]]>62751757Prashith, K., K.N. Rakesh, N. Dileep, S. Junaid and G.M. Pavithra et al.,2012Anaphalis lawii (Hook.f.) gamble.]]>2012Jorgensen, J.H. and J.D. Turnidge,200311 Edn.,Doughari, J.H.,2006Tamarindus indica Linn.]]>5597603Ghosh, A., N. Jayaraman and D. Chatterji,2020531083115Alves, F.R.F., M.G. Silva, I.N. Rôças and J.F.S. Jr,2013272025Subramenium, G.A., D. Viszwapriya, P.M. Iyer, K. Balamurugan and S.K. Pandian,20152015Masák, J., A. Čejková, O. Schreiberová and T. Řezanka,201489114Moreau-Marquis, S, G.A. O’Toole, B.A. Stanton,2009Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on cystic fibrosis cells.]]>41305313Bhardwaj, M., B.R. Singh, D.K. Sinha, V. Kumar and O.R.P. Vadhana et al.,20172017Chanda, W., T.P. Joseph, A.A. Padhiar, X. Guo and L. Min et al.,2017Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and quorum sensing.]]>1443284338Tängdén, T.,2014119149153Tré-Hardy, M., F. Vanderbist, H. Traore and M.J. Devleeschouwer,2008In vitro activity of antibiotic combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and planktonic cultures.]]>31329336Kievit, T.R.D., R. Gillis, S. Marx, C. Brown and B.H. Iglewski,20016718651873Musthafa, K.S., A.V. Ravi, A. Annapoorani, I.S.V. Packiavathy and S.K. Pandian, 2010Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.]]>56333339