International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2018.773.780Fusarium Wilt of Sweet Pepper and Soil-borne Fungi in vitro]]>Al AbboudMohamed Abdullah62018146Background and Objective: Use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against phytopathogens is a rapidly growing area due to their unique physico-chemical properties. Therefore, the present investigation reports the biosynthesis of AgNPs by Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum), a safe fungus for human and plant. Materials and Methods: The synthesized AgNPs were subjected to physical characterization using UV-Visible spectra, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scaninig electron microscopy (SEM) images. Antifungal activity of synthesized AgNPs with poisoned food technique was used against phytopathogenic fungi. Results: UV-Vis spectra with characteristic absorption peak at 415 nm. Biomolecules mediating the synthesis and stabilizing the nanobactericides was confirmed with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations confirmed that AgNPs were formed with 7.8 nm. Isolation trials from sweet pepper plants showing characteristic symptoms of wilt yielded one fungal isolate which purified and identified as Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). While two fungal species Alternaria alternata and Trichoderma harzianum were isolated from health plant (no symptoms of wilt). As the applied concentrations of the AgNPs increased, fungal colony formation decreased. AgNPS at concentrations of 20, 40 and 80 ppm inhibited the F. oxysporum growth by 12.5,12.5 and 61.11%, respectively. Concentrations at 80 ppm caused 100% growth inhibition of T. harzianum and A. alternata while concentrations at 100 ppm caused 100% growth inhibition of F. oxysporum. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that it is possible to perform the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs that used as fungicide against pathogenic fungi.]]>Kilin, D.S., O.V. Prezhdo and Y. Xia,2008Ab initio study of preferential surface coordination with citric acid.]]>458113116Bansal, V., R. Ramanathan and S.K. Bhargava,201164279293Abdelghany, T.M., A.M.H. Al-Rajhi, M.A. Al Abboud, M.M. Alawlaqi, A.G. Magdah, E.A.M. Helmy and S.M. Ahmed,20172017Mandal, D., M.E. Bolander, D. Mukhopadhyay, G. Sarkar and P. Mukherjee,200669485492Mukherjee, P., M. Roy, B.P. Mandal, G.K. Dey and P.K. Mukherjee et al.,2008T. asperellum.]]>2008Singh, P. and R.B. Raja,2011Trichoderma harzianum.]]>2600605Abdel Ghany, T.M.,2013Stachybotrys chartarum: A novel biological agent for the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity.]]>187582Honary, S., H. Barabadi, E. Gharaei-Fathabad and F. Naghibi,2013Penicillium citrinum.]]>12711Devi, T.P., S. Kulanthaivel, D. Kamil, J.L. Borah, N. Prabhakaran and N. Srinivasa,2013Trichoderma species.]]>51543547Ahluwalia, V., J. Kumar, R. Sisodia, N.A. Shakil and S. Walia,2014Trichoderma harzianum and their bio-efficacy evaluation against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia.]]>55202206Xu, Y., C. Gao, X. Li, Y. He, L. Zhou, G. Pang and S. Sun,2013In vitro antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against ocular pathogenic filamentous fungi.]]>29270274Abdel Ghany, T.M., A.R.M. Shater, M.A. Al Abboud and M.M. Alawlaqi,2013Fusarium moniliforme and their antimicrobial activity against some food-borne bacteria.]]>1117Akram, W., A. Mahboob and A.A. Javed,2013Bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 can induce systemic resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt.]]>3275280Abada, K.A. and M.A. Ahmed,2014Fusarium wilt of sweet pepper by Bacillus strains.]]>21925Attia, M.F. and K.A. Abada,19941994pp: 397409Abd El-Ghany, T.M., M.M. Roushdy and M.A. Al Abboud,2015Mycotoxigenic fungi.]]>17175Abdel Ghany, T.M., A.R.M. Shater, M.E. Negm, M.A. Al Abboud and N.I. Elhussieny,2015Curvularia lunata at molecular levels.]]>2015Abdel Ghany, T.M., M.A. Ganash, M. Marwah, M.H. Aisha and A. Mohamed,2016137486Zomorodian, K., S. Pourshahid, A. Sadatsharifi, P. Mehryar, K. Pakshir, M.J. Rahimi and A.A. Monfared,2016Aspergillus species.]]>2016Abdelmalek, G.A.M. and T.A. Salaheldin,20162016Kim, S.W., J.H. Jung, K. Lamsal, Y.S. Kim, J.S. Min and Y.S. Lee,2012405358Min, J.S., K.S. Kim, S.W. Kim, J.H. Jung and K. Lamsal et al.,200925376380Elamawi, R.M.A. and R.A.S. El-Shafey,2013Magnaporthe grisea.]]>9112711283Booth, C.,1971Fusarium.]]>Pages: 237Pages: 237Domsch, K.H. and W. Gams,1993Leslie, J.F. and B.A. Summerell,2006Pages: 388Pages: 388Singh, J. and N.N. Tripathi,1999Vigna mungo L.) by some essential oils.]]>1414Guilger, M., T. Pasquoto-Stigliani, N. Bilesky-Jose, R. Grillo, P.C. Abhilash, L.F. Fraceto and R. de Lima,2017Trichoderma harzianum: Synthesis, characterization, toxicity evaluation and biological activity.]]>2017Vahabi, K., G.A. Mansoori and S. Karimi,2011Trichoderma reesei.]]>16579Shelar, G.B. and A.M. Chavan,2015Trichoderma harzianum and its impact on germination status of oil seed.]]>3109113Jyoti, K., M. Baunthiyal and A. Singh,2016Urtica dioica Linn. leaves and their synergistic effects with antibiotics.]]>9217227Zaheer, Z. and Rafiuddin,2012904852Agnihotri, S., S. Mukherji and S. Mukherji,2014439743983Devi, L.S. and S.R. Joshi,201532937Moazeni, M., A.R. Shahverdi, M. Nabili, F. Noorbakhsh and S. Rezaie,2014Aspergillus parasiticus.]]>1267272Prakash, P., P. Gnanaprakasam, R. Emmanuel, S. Arokiyaraj and M. Saravanan,2013Mimusops elengi, Linn. for enhanced antibacterial activity against multi drug resistant clinical isolates.]]>108255259MubarakAli, D., M. Sasikala, N. Gunasekaran and N. Thajuddin,2011Oscillatoria willei NTDM01.]]>6385390Mittal, A.K., Y. Chisti and U.C. Banerjee,201331346356Shafique, S., M. Asif and S. Shafique,2015Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici by leaf extract of Eucalyptus citriodora.]]>4711771182Murtza, A., S.A. Bokhari, Y. Ali, T. Ahmad and A. Habib et al.,2017Fusarium wilt.]]>295761El-Argawy, E., M.M.H. Rahhal, A. El-Korany, E.M. Elshabrawy and R.M. Eltahan,2017113547Clement, J.L. and P.S. Jarrett,19941467482Park, H.J., S.H. Kim, H.J. Kim and S.H. Choi,200622295302Elamawi, R.M. and R.E. Al-Harbi,2014Fusarium oxysporum fungus the cause of seed rot disease of faba bean, tomato and barley.]]>5225237