International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2018.407.414Phoenix dactylifera) Grown in Saudi Arabia]]>AliHatem Rahman Al-khalifaAbdel FaroukAmr ShaheenMohamed 32018143Background and Objective: A number of studies have been published from a pharmaceutical and medicinal point of view, focusing on phenolic compounds and their biological activities in various date palm fruits from different date growing countries based on aqueous or alcoholic extracts. The present study was performed to identify the volatile constituents of date palm fruits cultivated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia at the besser, rutab and tamr maturation stages, as well as evaluating the total phenolic content in the volatile extracts and their antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Four varieties of date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivated in Saudi Arabia Khalas, Sokary, Seqah and Khenazy were analyzed for their aroma volatiles, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity at three maturation stage, besser, rutab and tamr. Results: The 71 aroma constituents were identified using the dynamic head space technique during the maturation stages. Alcohols were the major class of compounds present with 2.6-81.31% followed by carbonyls with 1.69-83.97% in Seqah rutab stage where esters accounted 2.66-49.89% of detected species. Total phenolic compounds were highest in the Khenazy rutab stage (9.23 μg GAE/100 g), which is in agreement with the radical scavenging activity (IC50 1.45 μg mL1). Conclusion: The data obtained revealed that, the date palm cultivated in Saudi Arabia are rich in phenolic and antioxidant constituents and probably have use as nutraceutical and functional food additives.]]>Chao, C.C.T. and R.R. Krueger,2007Phoenix dactylifera L.): Overview of biology, uses and cultivation.]]>4210771082FAO.,20142014Anonymous,2006Pages: 39Pages: 39Al-Shahib, W. and R.J. Marshall,200354247259Chaira, N., A. Mrabet and A. Ferchichi,200933390403Saleh, E.A., M.S. Tawfik and H.M. Abu-Tarboush,2011Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits from Saudi Arabia.]]>211341141Eid, N.M.S., B. Al-Awadi, D. Vauzour, M.J. Oruna-Concha and J.P.E. Spencer,20136124532460Jaddou, H., M.T. Mhaisen and M. Al-Hakim,19843367380Max, R., M. Lebrun and P. Shaw,19961996Torres, P., R. Max, L. Marc and F. Michel,19961996Pages: 214Pages: 214El Arem, A., E.B. Saafi, G. Saafi, M. Issaoui and A. Ferchichi et al.,2012Phoenix dactylifera L.) harvested at different stages of maturity.]]>47549555El Arem., A., F. Guidob, S.E. Behijaa, I. Manelc and Z. Nesrine,2011Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at three maturation stages.]]>12717441754Adams, R.P.,2007pp: 18-43, 57-332pp: 18-43, 57-332Jayaprakasha, G.K., R.P. Singh and K.K. Sakariah,2001Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxidation models in vitro.]]>73285290Hatano, T., H. Kagawa, T. Yasuhara and T. Okuda,19883620902097Singleton, V.L., R. Orthofer and R.M. Lamuela-Raventos,19991999pp: 152-178pp: 152-178Richard, H.,19921992pp: 22-73pp: 22-73Burdock, G.A.,20166th Edn.,Pages: 2159Pages: 2159Harrak, H., M. Reynes, M. Lebrun, A. Hamouda and P. Brat,200560267278Beaulieu, J.C.,2006131127139Wu, X., G.R. Beecher, J.M. Holden, D.B. Haytowitz, S.E. Gebhardt and R.L. Prior,20045240264037Mansouri, A., G. Embarek, E. Kokkalou and P. Kefalas,2005Phoenix dactylifera).]]>89411420Biglari, F., A.F.M. AlKarkhi and A.M. Easa,2008Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran.]]>10716361641Sadeghi, Z., J. Valizadeh and O.A. Shermeh,201597883Al-Farsi, M., C. Alasalvar, A. Morris, M. Baron and F. Shahid,2005Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman.]]>5375927599Vayalil, P.K.,2002Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae).]]>50610617