International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2015.456.462In vitro and in vivo Characterization]]>WangYong ZhaoXiao-Ping RuanJian-Wei 52015115Aceclofenac is a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug which is used to manage the chronic pain and inflammation in the patients of rheumatoid arthritis. But it is associated with short half-life (2-3 h) and gastro-intestinal side effects. To overcome these problems the transdermal delivery of aceclofenac can be investigated for prolonged relief from pain and local inflammation in arthritis. The transdermal films of aceclofenac were prepared using two different permeation enhancers (A nonionic surfactant-Span-20 and a terpene-d limonene) in two different concentrations with solvent evaporation method. The prepared transdermal films were subjected to physicochemical evaluations, ex vivo permeation and in vivo anti-inflammatory studies. The prepared matrix type transdermal films showed high drug content ranging from 94.90±1.40 to 98.20±2.60 with completely flat surface and the folding endurance in the range of 120.0±9.24 to 182.0±4.20. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the drug particles were dispersed in the matrix of the film and was found to be projected on the surface of film also. The ex vivo permeation study in the modified Franz diffusion apparatus through excised rat abdominal skin in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer showed prolonged drug permeation ranging from 61.02-93.4%. The films prepared with permeation enhancers showed greater percent drug permeated at the end of 24 h. The d-limonene showed the greater permeation enhancement effect as compared to that of Span 20. Increasing the concentration of enhancers showed the increased permeation of the drug. The transdermal films were found to be non-irritant to the skin in primary skin irritation test on Wistar rats. The transdermal films with permeation enhancers showed the greater anti inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced hind rat paw edema model. It was concluded that the transdermal films of aceclofenac have the great potential for the use in treatment of arthritis. And d-limonene can have greater effect on increasing the drug flux and eliciting the anti-inflammatory effect as compared to that of Span 20 for the transdermal delivery of aceclofenac.]]>Xu, H.M., W. Wei, X.Y. Jia, Y. Chang and L. Zhang,2007109442448Meera, S., N.S. Kumar and V.S.S.S. Guptatyam,20084398402Woolf, C.J.,2011152S2S15Van Laar, M., J.V. Pergolizzi Jr., H.U. Mellinghoff, I.M. Merchante and S. Nalamachu et al.,20126320330Perrot, S.,2009146229230Dray, A.,200834481505Tanner, T. and R. Marks,200814249260Guy, R.H.,200722442449Guy, R.H.,19961317651769Heyneman, C.A., C. Lawless-Liday and G.C. Wall,200060555574Padula, C., S. Nicoli, V. Aversa, P. Colombo, F. Falson, F. Pirot and P. Santi,200717309312Thong, H.Y., H. Zhai and H.I. Maibach,200720272282Jantharaprapap, R. and G. Stagni,2007in vitro permeability of meloxicam gels.]]>3432633Gupta, V., S.K. Shukla, S.M. Shrivastava, S. Shukla and K. Kumar et al.,2010in vitro evaluation and formulation of aceclofenac loaded PLGA microspheres.]]>6726731Grau, M., J. Guasch, J.L. Montero, A. Felipe, E. Carrasco and S. Julia,19914112651276FitzGerald, G.A. and C. Patrono,2001345433442Blot, L., A. Marcelis, J.P. Devogelaer and D.H. Manicourt,200013114131421Semalty, A., M. Semalty, B.S. Rawat, D. Singh and M.S.M. Rawat,201072576581Marwah, H., T. Garg, A.K. Goyal and G. Rath,20142014Kumar, R. and A. Philip,20076633644Mamatha, T., J.V. Rao, K. Mukkanti and G. Ramesh,2010in-vitro characterization.]]>18916Draize, J.H., G. Woodward and H.O. Calvery,194482377390Mukherjee, B., M.S. Kanupriya, S. Das and B. Patra,2005596107Yang, Z., Y. Teng, H. Wang and H. Hou,2013447231240Varman, R.M. and S. Singh,20121310841090Femenia-Font, A., C. Balaguer-Fernandez, V. Merino, V. Rodilla and A. Lopez-Castellano,2005615055