International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2015.372.376Bauhinia retusa]]>TaweelA.M. Al ShafaeA.M. El- PerveenS. FawzyG.A. KhanS.I. 42015114Genus Bauhinia (Caesalpiniaceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of wounds, ulcers, diabetes, general pain, inflammation and infections. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of the bioactive fractions of the leaves of Bauhinia retusa and to identify the chemical constituents in these active fractions by different spectroscopic techniques. The anti-inflammatory activity of chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions (Br-1 and Br-2) of B. retusa and isolated compounds was determined in terms of their ability to inhibit NF-kB and iNOS activity and to decrease oxidative stress in cellular systems. Their cytotoxicity was also determined against a set of 6 mammalian cell lines. Seven compounds were isolated from Br-1 and Br-2, namely methyl gallate, (1) ethyl gallate, (2) kaempferol, (3) quercetin, (4) kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, (5) quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (6) and β- sitosterol (7), all reported for the first time from this species. Br-1 and Br-2 were found to decrease oxidative stress and inhibit NF-kB and iNOS activities. Among the isolated compounds, 1-4 were more effective in decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting iNOS activity than compounds 5-7. None of the compounds inhibited NF-kB. The Br-1 and Br-2 showed cytotoxicity towards KB, SK-OV-3 and LLC-PK1 cell lines. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 were toxic to LLC-PK1 cells. Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Bauhinia retusa has led to the isolation of seven compounds. Some of which showed promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. The reported anti-inflammatory properties of this plant could be attributed to the presence of these constituents.]]>Borenfreund, E., H. Babich and N. Martin-Alguacil,1990in vitro.]]>2610301034Castro-Castillo, O., P. Hoet and L.J. Poveda-Alvarez,198216230245Chae, H.S., O.H. Kang, J.G. Choi, Y.C. Oh and Y.S. Lee et al.,201038973983Garcia-Mediavilla, V., I. Crespo, P.S. Collado, A. Esteller, S. Sanchez-Campos, M.J. Tunon and J. Gonzalez-Gallego,2007557221229Kirtikar, K.R. and B.D. Basu,20033rd Edn.,Pages: 898Pages: 898Mehla, K., S. Balwani, A. Kulshreshtha, D. Nandi, P. Jaisankar and B. Ghosh,2011Pistacia integerrima Linn. inhibits cell adhesion molecules by blocking AP-1 transcription factor.]]>13713451352Melendez, E.N.,19782nd Edn.,pp: 137pp: 137Prakash, P. and P.S. Misra,198354257260Prakash, V.S. and C.I. Prakash,2012Rubussu avissimus.]]>1239242Rashed, K. and M. Butnariu,2014Bauhinia racemosa Lam. and chemical content.]]>1310731080Semwal, S. and R.K. Sharma,2011Bauhinia retusa seed pods (Caesalpiniaceae).]]>2210811083Semwal, S. and R.K. Sharma,2011Bauhinia retusa.]]>137579Filho, V.C.,2009Bauhinia.]]>2313471354Wang, L., Y.C. Tu, T.W. Lian, J.T. Hung, J.H. Yen and M.J. Wu,20065497989804Wolfe, K.L. and R.H. Liu,20075588968907Yadava, R.N. and S. Jain,2003Bauhinia retusa Roxb.]]>75113116Yadav, S. and D.L. Verma,2010Bauhinia retusa Roxb.]]>321619Zhang, W., C. Li, L.J. You, X. Fu, Y.S. Chen and Y.Q. Luo,2014Toona sinensis leaves with antioxidant and anticancer activities.]]>10427435Zhao, J., S.I. Khan, M. Wang, Y. Vasquez and M.H. Yang et al.,2014Chamaemelum Nobile) with activities against inflammation and metabolic disorder.]]>77509515