International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2013.134.142Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) in Mice]]>AhmadA.H. AmabeokuG.J. 2201392The possible involvement of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), in the anticonvulsant effect of Ruta graveolens L. was investigated by studying the effect of the leaf methanol extract against seizures elicited by either pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), bicuculline, picrotoxin or N-Methyl-DL-Aspartic acid (NMDLA) in mice. Leaf methanol extract of Ruta graveolens, phenobarbitone, diazepam and muscimol significantly antagonized seizures induced by PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of R. graveolens and muscimol significantly antagonized seizures induced by PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or phenytoin did not significantly affect the seizures produced by PTZ, bicuculline or picrotoxin. Ruta graveolens, phenobarbitone, diazepam, phenytoin or DMSO did not significantly affect seizures produced by NMDLA. LY233053 significantly antagonized seizures produced by NMDLA. Combined treatment of sub-effective doses of LY233053 and Ruta graveolens did not significantly alter NMDLA-induced seizures. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of the plant species showed the presence of tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, triterpene steroids and alkaloids. The LD50 value obtained following oral administration of the leaf methanol extract of R. graveolens was above 4000 mg kg-1. The HPLC fingerprint of the plant species revealed certain characteristic peaks at 350 nm. The data obtained in this study, indicate that the leaf methanol extract of R. graveolens has anticonvulsant activity. The data obtained also indicate that GABA mechanism may probably be involved in the anticonvulsant effect of the plant extract. The relatively high LD50 obtained for the plant species, given orally, indicates that it is safe in mice.]]>Abu Safieh, K.A., D.M. Al-Eisawi , M.H. Abu Zarga and S.S. Sabri,1986Leontic leontopetalum.]]>49726727Amabeoku, G.J. and O. Chikuni,19934621712175Amabeoku, G.J., M.J. Leng and J.A. Syce,1998Viscum capense.]]>61237241Atta, A.H. and A. Alkofahi,199860117124Besancon, E., S. Guo, J. Lok, M. Tymianski and E.H. Lo,200829268275Bienvenu, E., G.J. Amabeoku, P.K. Eagles, G. Scott and E.P. Springfield,2002Leonotis leonurus.]]>9217223Borowicz, K.K., M. Gasior, Z. Kleinrok and S.J. Czuczwar,199637618624Browner, C.H.,198539482504Chapman, A.G. and B.S. Meldrum,199321106110Chauhan, A.K., M.P. Dobhal and B.C. Joshi,1988221123Czuczwar, S.J. and P.N. Patsalos,200115339350De Sarro, A., V. Ceccheti, V. Fravolini, F. Naccari, O. Tabarrini and G. De Sarro,19994317291736Grieve, M.,1967Vol. 2.Harborne, J.B.,19842nd Edn.,pp: 149-188pp: 149-188El Hilaly, J., Z.H. Israili and B. Lyoussi,2004Ajuga iva in experimental animals.]]>914350Ibrahim, G., S. Abdulmumin, K.Y. Musa and A.H. Yaro,2008Ficus sycomorus (Moraceae).]]>3351356Ikhiri, K., D. Boureima and D. Dan-Kouloudo,199230251262Iauk, L., K. Magano, A. Rapisarda, S. Ragusa and L. Maiolino et al.,2004Ruta chalepensis, a plant with anti-inflammatory properties.]]>90267272Lloyd, K.G.,19851985pp: 235-238pp: 235-238Lorke, D.,198354275287Madden, K.P., W.M. Clark, A. Kochhar and J.A. Zivin,199276106110Meldrum, B.S.,197517136Mimaki, Y., N. Toshimizu, K. Yanada and Y. Sashida,199711710111021 [Article in Japnese]Muazu, J. and A.H. Kaita,20085387390Nicoll, R.A.,20012001pp: 255-263pp: 255-263Ojala, T., S. Remes, P. Haansuu, H. Vuorela, R. Hiltunen, K. Haahtela and P. Vuorela, 200073299305Ojewole, J.A.O.,2006Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch and C.A. Mey. (Hypoxidaceae) corm [African Potato] aqueous extract in mice and rats.]]>103126134Olsen, R.W.,198137113Palmer, E. and N. Pitman,1972Rang, H.P, M.M. Dale, J.M. Ritter, R.J. Flower and G. Henderson,20127th Edn., pp: 448-458pp: 448-458Rood, B.,19941st Edn.Singh, D., B. Singh and R.K. Goel,2012Ficus religiosa.]]>50816822Van Heerden, F.R., A.M. Viljoen and S.P. Mohoto,2002Craterocapsa tarsodes, a plant used for the treatment of epilepsy by the Northern Sotho people of South Africa.]]>687779Van Wyk, B.E., B. Van Oudtshoorn and N. Gericke,1997pp: 236-250pp: 236-250Vellucci, S.V. and R.A. Webster,198497289293Waller, D.G., A.G. Renwick and K. Hillier,20052nd Edn.,pp: 305-317pp: 305-317Watt, J.M.,196730122Watt, J.M. and M.G. Breyer-Brandwijk,19622nd Edn.,Pages: 1457Pages: 1457