International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2012.496.509MozaffariShilan Hasani-RanjbarShirin AbdollahiMohammad 6201286Dyslipidemia and following atherosclerosis as a chronic affection remain one major cause of death all over the world. Given multiple reports on positive effects of melatonin on dyslipidemia, there is a need for reviewing all these studies in order to reach a convincing conclusion. Towards this goal, we have reviewed all previous investigations on use of melatonin in dyslipidemia found from PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Scopus and web of Science up to January 2012. Of the publications identified in the initial database, 11 clinical trials and 43 nonclinical trials (18 in vitro and 25 animal studies) were included and reviewed. Most of the results reveal the potency of melatonin as an antioxidant in preventing lipid peroxidation through different mechanisms and therefore, improving the lipid profile. Melatonin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, neutralizes free radicals, increases antioxidative enzymes and glutathione levels, prevents electron leakage from the mitochondrial respiratory chain, acts synergistically with vitamin C, E and glutathione, reduces levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and therefore prevents Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and decreases lipid peroxidation. The results indicate a need for further studies on safety/efficacy measures if melatonin was used in long-term.]]>Abdel-Wahab, M.H. and A.R.A. Abd-Allah,200041533537Abdollahi, M., A. Ranjbar, S. Shadnia, S. Nikfar and A. Rezaie,200410RA141RA147Abuja, P.M., P. Liebmann, M. Hayn, K. Schauenstein and H. Esterbauer,1997413289293Agil, A., M. Navarro-Alarcon, R. Ruiz, S. Abuhamadah, M.Y. El-Mir and G.F. Vazquez,201120207212Ahlers, I., P. Solar, E. Ahlersova, M. Kassayova and B. Smajda,199744253257Ahmed, H.H., F. Mannaa, G.A. Elmegeed and S.H. Doss,2005318471857Aoyama, H., N. Mori and W. Mori,198869269272Baydas, G., H. Canatan and A. Turkoglu,200232225230Bhattacharyya, S., J. Luan, B. Challis, J. Keogh and C. Montague et al.,200647761766Bojkova, B., P. Orendas, L. Friedmanova, M. Kassayova, I. Datelinka, E. Ahlersova and I. Ahlers,2008956576Bonnefont-Rousselot, D., V. Guilloz, S. Lepage, C. Bizard and P. Duriez et al.,2003895104Chan, T.Y. and P.L. Tang,199521681696Daniels, W.M., R.J. Reiter, D. Melchiorri, E. Sewerynek, M.I. Pablos and G.G. Ortiz,19951916Damian, E., O. Ianas and I. Badescu,1988261720Dominguez-Rodriguez, A., P. Abreu-Gonzalez, M. Garcia-Gonzalez, J. Ferrer-Hita, M. Vargas and R.J. Reiter,2005180101105El-Missiry, M.A., T.A. Fayed, M.R. El-Sawy and A.A. El-Sayed,200766278286Esquifino, A., C. Agrasal, E. Velazquez, M.A. Villanua and D.P. Cardinali,19976110511058Garfinkel, D., M. Zorin, J. Wainstein, Z. Matas, M. Laudon and N. Zisapel,201142307313Gitto, E., S. Pellegrino, P. Gitto, I. Barberi and R.J. Reiter,200946128139Gonciarz, M., Z. Gonciarz, W. Bielanski, A. Mularczyk, P.C. Konturek and T. Brzozowski,201061705710Hadjibabaie, M., K. Gholami, H. Khalili, S.H. Khoei and M. Nakhjavani et al.,20063759764Hasani-Ranjbar, S., S. Khosravi, N. Nayebi, B. Larijani and M. Abdollahi,20127621640Hasani-Ranjbar, S., B. Larijani and M. Abdollahi,20098210Hasani-Ranjbar, S., B. Larijani and M. Abdollahi,2011612711275Hasani-Ranjbar, S., N. Nayebi, L. Moradi, A. Mehri, B. Larijani and M. Abdollahi,20101629352947Hoyos, M., J.M. Guerrero, R.P. Cano, J. Olivan, F. Fabiani, A.G. Perganeda and C. Osuna,200028150155Kadhim, H.M., S.H. Ismail, K.I. Hussein, I.H. Bakir, A.S. Sahib, B.H. Khalaf and S.A. Hussain,200641189193Kelly, M.R. and G. Loo,199722203209Korkmaz, A., D.X. Tan and J.R. Russel,201110127129Korkmaz, A., T. Topal, D.X. Tan and R.J. Reiter,2009100261270Kozel'tsev, V.L., T.V. Volodina, V.V. Guseva and N.V. Kostiuk,2007535056Kozirog, M., A.R. Poliwczak, P. Duchnowicz, M. Koter-Michalak, J. Sikora and M. Broncel,201150261266Malekirad, A.A., N. Hosseini, M. Bayrami, T. Hashemi, K. Rahzani and M. Abdollahi,20116953957Malekirad, A.A., M. Mojtabaee, M. Faghih, G. Vaezi and M. Abdollahi,2012Melissa officinalis L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Urtica dioica on hepatic enzymes activity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.]]>8204208Marchetti, C., N. Sidahmed-Adrar, F. Collin, D. Jore, M. Gardes-Albert and D. Bonnefont-Rousselot,201151286296Mehri, A., S. Hasani-Ranjbar, B. Larijani and M. Abdollahi,2011Urtica dioica in the treatment of diabetes.]]>7161170Mekhloufi, J., H. Vitrac, S. Yous, P. Duriez, D. Jore, M. Gardes-Albert and D. Bonnefont-Rousselot,200742330337Mohammadirad, A., H.R. Khorram-Khorshid, F. Gharibdoost and M. Abdollahi,2011TM) as a multiherbal drug with promising benefits in animal and human studies: A comprehensive review of biochemical and cellular evidences.]]>611851192Momtaz, S. and M. Abdollahi,2012 7119Momtaz, S. and M. Abdollahi,2010Satureja species; From antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetes and anti-hyperlipidemic to reproductive stimulation.]]>6346353Montilla, P.L., I.F. Tunez, C. Munoz de Agueda, F.L. Gascon and J.V. Soria,1998258693Montilla, P.L., J.F. Vargas, I.F. Tunez, M.C. Munoz de Agueda, M.E. Valdelvira and E.S Cabrera,19982594100Morgan, L., J. Arendt, D. Owens, S. Folkard, S. Hampton and S. Deacon,1998157443451Mori, N., H. Aoyama, T. Murase and W. Mori,198939613618Morrey, K.M., J.A. McLachlan, C.D. Serkin and O. Bakouche,199415326712680Mozaffari, S. and M. Abdollahi,20111743724378Muller-Wieland, D., B. Behnke, K. Koopmann and W. Krone,1994203416421Nishida, S.,200527131136Nishida, S., T. Segawa, I. Murai and S. Nakagawa,2002322633Nishida, S., R. Sato, I. Murai and S. Nakagawa,200335251256Ohta, Y., M. Kongo, E. Sasaki, K. Nishida and I. Ishiguro,200028119126Okatani, Y., A. Wakatsuki, K. Watanabe, N. Ikenoue and T. Fukaya,2000297480Okatani, Y., A. Wakatsuki, K. Watanabe, K. Taniguchi and T. Fukaya,200029241247Patel, V., A. Upaganlawar, R. Zalawadia and R. Balaraman,2010644160168Pieri, C., M. Marra, R. Gaspar and S. Damjanovich,1996222256260Prunet-Marcassus, B., M. Desbazeille, A. Bros, K. Louche and P. Delagrange et al.,200314453475352Rahimi, H.R., M. Gholami, H.R. Khorram-Khorshid, F. Gharibdoost and M. Abdollahi,201273845Rahimi, R., S. Nikfar, B. Larijani and M. Abdollahi,200559365373Rindone, J.P. and R. Achacoso,19974409411Rios-Lugo, M.J., P. Cano, V. Jimenez-Ortega, M.P. Fernandez-Mateos, P.A. Scacchi, D.P. Cardinali and A.I. Esquifino,201049342348Sanchez-Mateos, S., C. Alonso-Gonzalez, A. Gonzalez, C.M. Martinez-Campa, M.D. Mediavilla, S. Cos and E.J. Sanchez-Barcelo,20075891101Sandyk, R. and G.I. Awerbuch,1994768186Sarwar, M., I.H. Attitalla and M. Abdollahi,20116867883Seabra, M.L., M. Bignotto, L.R. Pinto and S. Tufik,200029193200Broncel, M., M. Kozirog-Kołacinska and J. Chojnowska-Jezierska,200723124127Seegar, H., A.O. Mueck and T.H. Lippert,199744283284Sener, G., J. Balkan, U. Cevikbaş, M. Keyer-Uysal and M. Uysal,200436212216Sener, A., D. Ozsavci, O. Bingol-Ozakpinar, O. Cevik, G. Yanikkaya-Demirel and T. Yardimci,2009554552Sewerynek, E.,2002237983Sewerynek, E., D. Melchiorri, L. Chen and R.J. Reiter,1995in vitro.]]>19903909She, M., X. Deng, Z. Guo, M. Laudon and Z. Hu et al.,200959248253Subramanian, P., S. Mirunalini, S.R. Pandi-Perumal, I. Trakht and D.P. Cardinali,200771116119Tailleux, A., G. Torpier, D. Bonnefont-Rousselot, S. Lestavel and M. Lemdani et al.,200229311141123Tamura, H., Y. Nakamura, A. Narimatsu, Y. Yamagata, A. Takasaki, R.J. Reiter and N. Sugino,200845101105Tan, D.X., R.J. Reiter, L.C. Manchester, M.T. Yan and M. El-Sawi et al.,20022181197Vijayasarathy, K., K.S. Naidu and B.K.S. Sastry,2010144315317Vlachou, M., A. Eikosipentaki and V. Xenogiorgis,20063255265Wakatsuki, A., Y. Okatani, N. Ikenoue, K. Shinohara, K. Watanabe and T. Fukaya,200131281288Wakatsuki, A., Y. Okatani Y, N. Ikenoue, C. Izumiya and C. Kaneda,200028136142Walters-Laporte, E., C. Furman, S. Fouquet, F. Martin-Nizard and S. Lestave et al.,199832582592Wang, H.X., F. Liu and T.B. Ng,2001130379388Zaitone, S., N. Hassan, N. El-Orabi and El-S. El-Awady,20116627077Zhu, H.Q., X.W. Cheng, L.L. Xiao, Z.K. Jiang and Q. Zhou et al.,200845328334Bonnefont-Rousselot, D., G. Cheve, A. Gozzo, A. Tailleux and V. Guilloz et al.,200233109117Hadjibabaie, M., S. Vosough-Ghanbari, M. Radfar, K. Gholami ad S.H. Khoei et al.,20074541545