International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2012.185.191In vivo Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective Effects of Palm Date Fruits (Phoenix dactylifera)]]>Al-ShoaibiZakaria Al-MamaryMohamed A. AL-HaboriMolham A. Al-ZubairiAdel S. AbdelwahabSiddig I. 3201283Palm date fruits have been used extensively for the traditional cure of liver illnesses and malaria in the Arab Peninsula. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate for the first time the in vivo hepatoprotective and the antioxidative effects of different varieties of palm date fruits in relation to their total phenolic contents and total flavonoids. This study was carried out using the CCl4-induced liver injuries in rabbits for two different periods: 4 and 20 h after CCl4-subcutaneous injection and oral administration of palm date syrups (5 g kg-1 b.wt.). The antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of palm date syrups during the first and second experimental periods (4 and 20 h) were very clear, since results of plasma ALT and AST and TBARS (from liver homogenate) of the control were significantly higher than those obtained from animals treated with syrups. The present findings do strongly recommend to increase the consumption of palm date fruits, especially in cases of liver diseases and for the prevention of other serious diseases such as cardiovascular and cancers.]]>Annegowda, H.V., C.W. Nee, M.N. Mordi, S. Ramanathan and S.M. Mansor,2010Terminalia catappa L. leaf.]]>9479485Al-Naqeeb, G., M. Ismail and A.S. Al-Zubairi,2009Nigella sativa seeds.]]>5244250Al-Mamary, M., M. Al-Habori and A.S. Al-Zubairi,2010in vitro antioxidant activity of different types of palm dates (Phoenix dactylifera) syrups.]]>7964971Biglari, F., A.F.M. AlKarkhi and A.M. Easa,2008Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran.]]>10716361641Biglari, F., A.F.M. AlKarkhi and A.M. Easa,2009Phoenix dactylifera): Effect of long-term cold storage.]]>1129981001Bilici, M., H. Efe, M.A. Koroglu, H.A. Uydu, M. Bekaroglu and O. Deger,2001644351Bitiren, M., D. Musa, A. Ozgonul, M. Ozaslan and A. Kocyigit et al.,2010Camelia sinensis), Hypericum perforatum and Urtica dioica on hepatic injury and lymphocyte DNA damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in wistar rats.]]>6241248Chang, C.C., M.H. Yang, H.M. Wen and J.C. Chern,20022002Chen, J.H., G.L. Topoe, E.C. Liong, H.S.H. So and K.M. Leung et al.,200480742751Clifford, M.,20008010631072Diaz, M.N., B. Frei, J.A. Vita and J.F. Keaney,1997337408416Duthie, G.G., S.J. Duthie and J.A.M. Kyle,20001379106Eltayeb, E.A., A.S. Al-hasni and S.A. Farooq,1999Phoenix dactylifera).]]>2255258Elzaawely, A.A. and S. Tawata,2012Convolvulus arvensis L. leaves grown in Egypt.]]>43240Espin J.C., C. Soler-Rivas, H.J. Wichers and C. Garcia-Viguera,20004815881592Essa, M.M. and P. Subramanian,2008Pongamia pinnata Leaves in ammonium chloride induced hyperammonemic rats.]]>32026Gazzani, G., A. Papetti, G. Massolini and M. Daglia,19984641184122Gazzani, G., A. Papetti, M. Daglia, F. Berte and C. Gregotti,19984641234127Halliwell, B.,199452253265Hewawasam, R.P., K.A.P.W. Jayatilaka, C. Pathirana and L.K.B. Mudduwa, 2004Epaltes divaricata extract on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in mice. ]]>1203034Hong, Y.J., F.A. Tomas-Barberan, A.A. Kader and A.E. Mitchell,2006Phoenix dactylifera).]]>5424052411Ishurd, O., F. Zgheela, A. Kermagia, N. Flefleaa, M. Elmabruka, J.F. Kennedy and A. Ashour,2007Phoenix dactylifera L.) and their anti-cancer activities.]]>7554557Li, H., X. Wang, Y. Li, P. Li and H. Wang,2009112454460Krishna, K.L., K. Mruthunjaya and J.A. Patel,2009Justicia gendarussa burm.]]>399110Mann, J.,20022143148Mansouri, A., G. Embarek, E. Kokkalou and P. Kefalas,2005Phoenix dactylifera).]]>89411420Mrabet, A., A. Ferchichi, N. Chaira, B.S. Mohamed, M. Baaziz and T.M. Penny,20081110031008Miyazawa, T., T. Suzuki, K. Fujimoto and T. Kaneda,1990107689693Muriel, P. and Y. Escobar,200323103108Nijveldt, R.J., E. van Nood, D.E.C. van Hoorn, P.G. Boelens, K. van Norren and P.A.M. van Leeuwen,200174418425Ozyurek, M., B. Bektasoglu, K. Guclu and R. Apak,2008616196206Sapolsky, R.M.,200048755765Singleton, V.L. and J.A. Rossi,196516144158Tezuka, M., S. Sadanobu, K. Gomi, M. Tachikawa and R. Sawamura,1995In vitro effect of chromium and other trace metals on mouse hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride exposure.]]>8256261Vayalil, P.K.,2002Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae).]]>50610617Yoshikawa, M., K. Ninomiya, H. Shimoda, N. Nishida and H. Matsuda,2002257276Young, I.S. and J.V. Woodside,200154176186Hasan, N.S., Z.H. Amom, A.I. Nor, N. Mokhtarrudin, N.M. Esa and A. Azlan,2010in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant properties of various dates extracts (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from libya.]]>2208214