International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2010.608.615Globularia alypum L. Extract on Rabbit Jejunum]]>ChokriA. DoukaliR. AbidaK. El CheikhR. Ben5201065The aim of this study was to investigate the myorelaxant and the spasmolytic effects of the Globularia alypum L. (GA) extract and to elucidate its role on the Ca2+ mobilization. Contraction of isolated rabbit jejunum incubated in Tyrode solution was recorded in presence of methanolic extract of GA. This extract showed a reduction of the amplitude and the tone of spontaneous contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Spasmolytic effect was studied on tonus increase induced by Ach 10-5 M or by Tyrode high KCl (100 mM). Acetylcholine (10-5 M) induced contraction was inhibited by cumulative concentrations of the extract. Also, GA completely relaxed the jejunum contracted by KCl. In order to assess if GA effect involved Ca2+ influx restriction, the jejunum was replaced in Ca2+ free Tyrode solution with EDTA (2 mM) or in Tyrode containing GA (6.4 mg mL-1) and then was challenged with KCl or Ach. Pre-treatment with GA extract inhibited the restored spontaneous contraction obtained when Ca2+ was added to the bath. GA extract abolished tonic phase of Ach induced contraction and drastically diminished phasic one, while it completely abolished KCl induced contraction. Similar responses were obtained when the jejunum was placed in Tyrode Ca2+ free. Verapamil a standard spasmolytic agent or a sub maximal concentration of GA inhibited and right shifted the Ca2+ response curves realized on jejunum incubated in high K+ Ca2+ free. All these results suggest that GA extract probably acts at least through a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels blockade.]]>Abe, F., H. Karaki and M. Endoh,199611817111716Ali, N., B. Ahmad, S. Bashir, J. Shah, S. Azam and M. Ahmad2009Withania coagulans.]]>3439442Bashir, S., K.H. Janbaz, Q. Jabeen and A.H. Gilani,2006Calendula officinalis flowers.]]>20906910Beech, D.J., I. Mackenzie, T.B. Bolton and M.O. Christen,199099374378Beleslin, D.B., R. Samardzic, B. Terzic and D. Jovanovic-Micic,198537276277Bello, R., L. Moreno, E. Primo-Yufera and J. Esplugues,2002Globularia alypum L. Extracts reduced histamine in and serotonin contraction in vitro.]]>164389392Ben Sassi, A., F. Harzallah-Skhiri, W. Borgi, N. Chouchene and M. Aounin,2007Chrysanthemum trifurcatum (Desf.) Batt and Trab on rat duodenal motility.]]>330226230Boddy, G. and E.E. Daniel,2004288439446Bolton, T.B.,197959606718Bolton, T.B. and Y. Imaizumi,199620141152Bolton, T.B., D.V. Gordienko, O.V. Povstyan, M.I. Harhun and V. Pucovsky,200435643657Brankovic, S.V., D.V. Kitic, M.M. Radenkovic, S.M. Veljkovic and T.D. Golubovic,200928174178Caldes, G., B. Prescott and J.R. King,1975Globularia alypum.]]>277276Carl, A., H.K. Lee and K.M. Sanders,1996271C934Cortes, A.K., A.J. Delgadillo, M. Hurtado, A.M. Dominguez-Ramirez, J.R. Medina and K. Aoki,2006Buddleja scordioides and Buddleja perfoliata on isolated intestinal preparations.]]>2911861190Dar, A. and S. Channa,1999Bacopa monniera on vascular and intestinal smooth muscles of rabbit and guinea-pig.]]>66167174Delaey, C., K. Boussery, J. Breyne, B. Vanheel and J. van de Voorde,20078410671073Eddouks, M., M. Maghrani, A. Lemhadri, M.L. Ouahidi and H. Jouad,20028297103Essafi, N., S. Khlifi, L. Kerhoas, A. Kolmann, A. El-Abbouyi and P.H. Ducrot,20056812931296Essafi, N., S. Khlifi, A. Kolmann, L. Kerhoas, A. El-Abbouyi and P.H. Ducrot,2006Globularia alypum L. (Globulariaceae).]]>548588Estrada-Soto, S., A. Rodriguez-Avilez, C. Castaneda-Avila, P. Castillo-Espana, G. Navarrete-Vazquez, L. Hernandez and F. Aguirre-Crespo,2007Lepechinia caulescens is through calcium channel blockade and NO release.]]>114364370Eun, A.K., W.S. Park, Y.K. Son, J.H. Ko and I.D. Jung et al.,2010+ channels in rabbit coronary smooth muscle cells.]]>334752Fatehi M., F. Farifteh and Z. Fatehi-Hassanabad,2004Ferula asafoetida gum extract.]]>91321324Fleischmann, B.K., R.K. Murray and M.I. Kotolikoff,1994911191411918Ghayur, M.N. and A.H. Gilani,20055018891897Ghayur, M.N. and A.H. Gilani.,2006Sarcococca saligna.]]>29990997Branding, A.F. and P. Sneddon,198070229240Gilani, A.H., Q. Jabeen, M.N. Ghayur, K.H. Janbaz and M.S. Akhtar,2005Carum copticum seed extract.]]>98127135Gilani, A.H., S.U.R. Mandukhail, J. Iqbal, M. Yasinzai, N. Aziz, A. Khan and N.U. Rehman,2010Morinda citrifolia root extract are mediated through blockade of voltage dependent calcium channels.]]>1022Godfraind, T., R. Miller and M. Wibo,198638321416Gordienko, D.V., M.I. Harhun, M.V. Kustov, V. Pucovsky and T.B. Bolton,20082+]i upstroke in myocytes of the guinea-pig small intestine evoked by muscarinic stimulation: IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release induced by voltage-gated Ca2+ entry.]]>43122141Goto, K., Y. Kasuya, N. Matsuki, Y. Takuwa and H. Kurihara et al.,19892+ channel in vascular smooth muscle.]]>8639153918Grasa, L., E. Rebollar, M.P. Arrubeo, M.A. Plaza and M.D. Murillo,20042+ in the contractility of rabbit small intestine in vitro.]]>55639650Horowitz, A., C.B. Menice, R. Laporte and K.G.Morgan,1996769671003Itoh, T., Y. Kanmura, H. Kuriyama and H. Suzuki,198483243258Jothimanivannan, C., R.S. Kumar and N. Subramanian,2010Justicia gendarussa Burm.]]>6278283Jouad, H., M. Maghrani and M. Eddouks,2002Rubus fructicosis L. and Globularia alypum L. in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.]]>81351356Karaki, H. and G. Weiss,198842111122 Karaki, H., H. Ozaki, M. Hori, M. Mitsui-Saito and K. Amano et al.,199749157230Kocyigit, I., A. Unal, M. Sipahioglu, B. Tokgoz, O. Oymak and C. Utas,2010Neisseria weaveri: The first case report.]]>30116117Merzouki, A., F. Ed-Derfoufi and J.M. Mesa,200071278307Moazedi, A.A., D.N. Mirzaie, S.M. Seyyednejad, M.R. Zadkarami and A. Amirzargar,2007Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) on rat's ileum at different calcium chloride concentrations.]]>1040364042Murillo, M.D., M.A. Plaza, M.J. de Pedro and M.P. Aruuebo,19942+ antagonists on spontaneous motility from sheep duodenum.]]>46138140Ohya, Y., K. Terada, K. Kitamura and H. Kuriyama,19872+ channel from the outer surface of smooth muscle cell membrane of the rabbit intestine and portal vein.]]>4088082Oliveira, R.C., J.T. Lima, L.A. Ribeiro, J.L. Silva and F.S. Monteiro et al.,2006Solanum asterophorum Mart. (Solanaceae) leaves in guinea-pig ileum.]]>61799805Parekh, A.B. and A.F. Brading,1991104412418Perez-Guerrero, C., J. Suarez, M.D. Herrera and E. Marhuenda,199735493497Perez-Hernandez, N., H. Ponce-Monter, J.A. Medina and P. Joseph-Nathan,2008Lepechinia caulescens on rat uterus.]]>1153035Radhika, T., P. Mahendar, A. Venkatesham, A.R.N. Reddy, Y.N. Reddy, A. Sadanandam and T. Christopher,20106301305Sanders, K.M.,20019114381449Shimizu, S., H. Yokoshiki, H.N. Sperelakis and R.J. Paul,20002+)-activated K(+) channels on the regulation of isometric force in porcine coronary artery.]]>371625Skim, F., A. Kaaya, J.T. Jaouari and H.B. Lazrek,1999Zygophyllum gaetulum.]]>54711715Terada, K., Y. Ohya, K. Kitamura and H. Kuriyama,1987++ antagonist, on ionic currents in fragmented smooth muscle cells of the rabbit small intestine.]]>240978983Thaina, P., P. Tungchareon, M. Wongnawa, W. Reanmongkol and S. Subhadhiraskul,2008Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Rhizome extracts.]]>121433443Zennaki, S., D. Krouf, D. Taleb-Senouci and M. Bouchenak,2009Globularia alypum L. lyophilized methanolic extract decreases hyperglycemia and improves antioxidant status in various tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.]]>614Ziyyat, A., A. Legssyer, H. Mekhfi, A. Dassouli, M. Serhrouchni and W. Benjelloun,1997584554Zhou, S., L. Liu, X. Yang, S. Wu and G. Chen,20102+ influx in the rabbit thoracic aorta.]]>201019