International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2007.68.73Psidium guajava Aqueous Leaf Extracts]]>GeidamY. A.AmbaliA. G.OnyeyiliP. A.1200731Resistance of some bacteria, especially some stains of E. coli to common antimicrobial agents has created an urgent need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs from herbs that are safe, cheap and may overcome the resistance of the pathogens. The crude aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaf which is known to possess some antibacterial properties was further subjected to sequential fractionation with organic solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, normal butanol) of different polarity. This was done until the organic layer was visibly clear to obtain chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol soluble fractions and residual aqueous fraction. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of organic solvents soluble fractions and residual fraction of the extract on some gram positive and gram negative microbes were carried out. The different fractions showed variation in phytochemical constituency and thus in their antibacterial properties. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the extract showed broad spectrum antibacterial properties against all the organisms tested. The fraction also showed a good activity against E. coli at a relatively lower concentration and hence could possibly be use against E. coli infections.]]>Ahmad, I., Z. Mehmood and F. Mohammad,199862183193American Society of Microbiology (ASM),1995390223Angulo, F.J., K.R. Johnson, R.V. Tauxe and M.L. Cohen,2000Salmonella: Implications for the use of fluoroquinolones in food animals.]]>67783Cho, E.J., T. Yokozawa, D.Y. Rhyu, S.C. Kim, N. Shibahara and J.C. Park,200310544551Clark, A.M.,19961311331141Cordell, G.A.,200055463480Davies, J.,1994264375382Emori, T.G. and R.P. Gaynes,19936428442Ewers, C., T. Janssen and L.H. Wieler,2003Escherichia coli (APEC).]]>1163816395Farnsworth, N.R. and R.W. Morris,19761484652Farnsworth, N.R., O. Akerele, A.S. Bingel, D.D. Soejarto and Z. Guo,198563965981Gauthaman, K., S.K. Banerjee, A.K. Dinda, C.C. Ghosh and S.K. Maulik,2005Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) protects rabbit hearts against ischemic-reperfusion injury: Role of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock protein.]]>96403409Geidam, Y.A., A.G. Ambali and P.A. Onyeyili,2007Psidium guajava leaf.]]>7511514Greenwood, D.,19891989pp: 91-100pp: 91-100Guan, S.O. and M.T. Damello,1999Staphylococcus aureus by aqueous goiaba extract.]]>68103108Iwu, M.M.,19931st Edn.,pp: 464pp: 464Livermore, D.M., D. James, M. Reacher, C. Graham and T. Nichols et al.,2002Enterobacteriaceae from bacteremias, England and Wales, 1990-1999.]]>8473478Mata, R., I. Morales, O. Perez, I. Rivero-Cruz and L. Acevedo et al.,2004Piper sanctum.]]>6719611968McLaughlin, J.L.,19911991pp: 1-32pp: 1-32Motohashi, N., H. Wakabayashi, T. Kurihara, H. Fukushima and T. Yamada et al.,2004Malpighia emarginata DC) extracts and fractions.]]>18212223Narayana, K.R., M.S. Reddy, M.R. Chaluvadi and D.R. Krishna,200133216National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards,19931993Prakash, S.K., 2006Escherichia coli in poultry.]]>5259261Trease, E. and W.C. Evans,198913th Edn.,pp: 61-62pp: 61-62Trease, G.E. and W.C. Evans,199714th Edn.,pp: 13-53pp: 13-53WHO,20002000Yang, H., S. Chen, D.G. White, S. Zhao, P. McDermott, R. Walker and J. Meng,2004Escherichia coli isolates from diseased chickens and swine in China.]]>4234833489