International Journal of Pharmacology1811-77751812-5700Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijp.2006.70.74Piliostigma reticulatum
Leaf Extract]]>AderogbaM. A.OkohE. K.OkekeI. N.OlajideA. O.OgundainiA. O.1200621This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction method employed in traditional herbal medicine by comparing the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf extracts of Piliostigma reticulatum and Piliostigma thonningii. The suitability of the two species as substitute was also determined. The agar dilution method was employed to compare the activity of crude leaf extracts of the two species against sixty bacterial and fungal isolates selected from diverse genera. The antimicrobial spectra of the extracts from both species were very similar. In 44 (73.3%) of the test strains, MIC values for the two extracts were identical and in 6 (10.0%) the MIC values differed by only one dilution factor. Chlorocresol was used as standard. The crude extract and solvent fractions obtained from the leaf of P. reticulatum were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model. The aqueous fraction at 100 mg kg-1 produced the highest inhibition of oedema (61.2%), while the crude extract at 100 mg kg-1 exerted a low anti-inflammatory effect (13.2%). Indomethacin at 5 mg kg-1 inhibited oedema by 86.2%. This study has established that P. reticulatum and P. thonningii have similar antimicrobial spectra and anti-inflammatory activity. The traditional extraction method is not effective in extracting the antimicrobial agents from the plants.]]>Assi, L.A. and S. Guinko,1991pp: 17-18pp: 17-18Ibewuike, J.C., A.O. Ogundaini, F.O. Ogungbamila, M. Martins, J. Gallard, L. Bohlin and M. Pais,1996Piliostigma thonningi.]]>43687690Ibewuike, J.C., F.O. Ogungbamila, A.O. Ogundaini, I.N. Okeke and L. Bohlin,1997Piliostigma thonningii.]]>11281284Burkill, H.M.,19952nd Edn.,pp: 144-146.pp: 144-146.Aderogba, M.A., E.K. Okoh, A.O. Ogundaini and B.M. Abegaz, 2003Piliostigma reticulatum DC.]]>073738Gibson, L.F. and J.T. Khoury,19863127129Murray, P., E. Baron, M. Pfaller, F. Tenover and R. Yolken,19956th Edn.,pp: 1327-1341pp: 1327-1341Winter, C.A., E.A. Risley and G.W. Nuss,1962111544547Okeke, I.N., A. Lamikanra, H. Steinruck and J.B. Kaper,2000 Escherichia coli strains from cases of childhood diarrhea in provincial South-Western Nigeria.]]>38712Czeczulin, J., T. Whittam, I. Henderson, F. Navarro-Garcia and J. Nataro,1999Escherichia coli.]]>6726922699O'Brien, A.D., T.A. Lively, T.W. Chang and S.L. Gorbach,1983Shigella dysenteriae 1 Shiga-like toxin from Escherichia coli O157: H7 strain associated with hemorrhagic colitis.]]>2573573Levine, M.M., E.J. Bergquist, D.R. Nalin, D.H. Waterman, R.B. Hornick, C.R. Young and S. Sotman,1978Escherichia coli strains that cause diarrhoea but do not produce heat- labile or heat-stable enterotoxins and are non-invasive.]]>111191122Okeke, I.N., O. Ojo, A. Lamikanra and J.B. Kaper,20034145254530Okeke, I.N., A.B. Abudu and A. Lamikanra,20017514516Eloff, J.N.,19986018