International Journal of Biological Chemistry1819-155x2152-2561Science International10.3923/ijbc.2020.1.7Chlorella vulgaris: Optimization and Kinetics]]>IshchiTotiya SibiG. 12020141Background and Objective: Azo dyes are most widely used in various industries due to their ease of synthesis and chemical stability. But many azo dyes and their breakdown derivatives have been suggested to be toxic to life. Biological treatments of dyes with microorganisms are relatively cost effective and eco-friendly due to lower sludge production. In this study, the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris was examined for its degrading ability of azo dyes viz., Reactive Black 5, Direct Blue 71 and Disperse Red 1. Materials and Methods: The experiments included dye decolorization experiments and factors affecting decolorization such as initial dye concentration, pH and temperature. Further, azoreductase enzyme specific activity and its kinetics were determined. Results: The results revealed that azo degradation based on the initial dye concentration varied among the dyes tested and the same was reflected for pH. In specific, 200 mg L1 was found optimum for Reactive Black 71 and Direct Blue 71 whereas 300 mg L1 was for Disperse Red 1. The optimum pH for decolorization of RB5, DB71 and DR1 was 5, 8 and 8, respectively. The optimum temperature for degradation of all the dyes was found as 40°C. Maximum azoreductase activity of 0.127 U mg1 protein was observed for DR1 and the enzyme activity was not pH dependent but substrate specific. Conclusion: The results revealed the azo dye degrading potential of Chlorella vulgaris and the decolorizing conditions were optimized for the microalgae.]]>Tomei, M.C., D.M. Angelucci and A.J. Daugulis,2016573585593Mall, I.D., V.C. Srivastava, N.K. Agarwal and I.M. Mishra,200561492501Namasivayam, C. and D. Kavitha,2002544758Stolz, A.,2001566980Brown, M.A. and S.C. De Vito,199323249324Xu, H., T.M. Heinze, S. Chen, C.E. Cerniglia and H. Chen,20077377597762Robinson, T., G. McMullan, R. Marchant and P. Nigam,200177247255Pearce, C.I., J.R. Lloyd and J.T. Guthrie,200358179196Chen, K.C., J.Y. Wu, D.J. Liou and S.C.J. Hwang,20031015768Cetin, D. and G. Donmez,200638926930Dos Santos, A.B., F.J. Cervantes and J.B. van Lier,20079823692385Guolan, H., S. Hongwen and C.L. Li,200028347363Parikh, A. and D. Madamwar,200527323326Daneshvar, N., M. Ayazloo, A.R. Khataee and M. Pourhassan,2007Cosmarium sp.]]>9811761182Vijayakumar, S. and C. Manoharan,20122012Baldev, E., D. MubarakAli, A. Ilavarasi, D. Pandiaraj, K.A.S.S. Ishack and N. Thajuddin,2013105207214El-Kassas, H.Y. and L.A. Mohamed,2014Chlorella vulgaris.]]>40301308El-Sheekh, M., W.G. Abou-El-Souod and H.A. Al Asrag,2017Pseudoanabaena sp. and Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing.]]>13233243Dellamatrice, P.M., M.E. Silva-Stenico, L.A.B. de Moraes, M.F. Fiore and R.T.R. Monteiro,2017482531Telke, A.A., S.M. Joshi, S.U. Jadhav, D.P. Tamboli and S.P. Govindwar,2010Pseudomonas sp. SU-EBT.]]>21283296Zhao, M., P.F. Sun, L.N. Du, G. Wang, X.M. Jia and Y.H. Zhao,2014Bacillus sp. strain UN2: Decolorization capacity, metabolites characterization and enzyme analysis.]]>2161366145Du, L.N., S. Wang, G. Li, B. Wang, X.M. Jia, Y.H. Zhao and Y.L. Chen,2011Pseudomonas sp. strain DY1 under aerobic condition: Characteristics, degradation products, enzyme analysis and phytotoxicity.]]>20438446Wilkinson, G.N.,196180324332Mohan, S.V., C.N. Roa, K.K. Brasad and J. Karthikeyan,2002Spirogyra species.]]>22575582Yang, Y.Y., L.N. Du, G. Wang, X.M. Jia and Y.H. Zhao,2011Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 for methyl orange and acid yellow 199 under microaerophilic conditions.]]>63956963Nagase, H., D. Inthorn, Y. Isaji, A. Oda, K. Hirata and K. Miyamoto,1997Tolypothrix tenuis.]]>84151154Chen, K.C., W.T. Huang, J.Y. Wu and J.Y. Houng,1999Proteus mirabilis.]]>23686690Ozer, A., G. Akkaya and M. Turabik,2006Spirogyra rhizopus.]]>135355364Supaka, N., K. Juntongjin, S. Damronglerd, M.L. Delia and P. Strehaiano, 200499169176Shah, M.P., K.A. Patel, S.S. Nair, A.M. Darji and S. Maharaul,2013Pseudomonas spp. Mps-2 by an application of sequential microaerophilic and aerobic process.]]>1105112Liu, G., J. Zhou, X. Meng, S.Q. Fu, J. Wang, R. Jin and H. Lv,2013Shewanella strains under saline conditions.]]>9741874197