International Journal of Biological Chemistry1819-155x2152-2561Science International10.3923/ijbc.2008.35.41Litopenaeus vannamei]]>RaoM. Sreenivasa AnjaneyuluN. 1200821The effect of copper sulfate in the regulation of molt and gonad development
in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was investigated. Initially,
we determine the copper sulfate safe level for use in culture medium shrimps.
Six concentrations of copper sulfate (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 mg
L-1) were tested in 10 L glass aquaria for 15 days. After 15
days, survival of the control treatment (0% CuSO4) averaged
100%. The survival in 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mg L-1 (100,
100 and 98%) concentrations of CuSO4 were significantly greater
than the higher dose treatment (0.50 mg L-1 CuSO4;
survival 43%). The copper (0.05 mg L-1) exposed shrimps accelerated
the molting (premolt stage: female, 100%; males, 90%). The copper (0.10
mg L-1) exposed shrimps accelerated the both molting and reproduction
(premolt stage: female, 50%; males, 40%). The copper (0.20 mg L-1)
exposed animals significantly (p<0.0001) increased mean oocyte diameter
and testicular follicle diameter as well as mean gonad indices from the
control as well as other treated shrimps. These results provide strong
evidence that trace amount of copper is an essential for both molting
and reproduction in shrimps.]]>Arumugam, M.,1989Scylla serrata (Forskal) under imposed starvation.]]>97247257Burmester, T.,200435121122Chan, S., S.M. Rankin and L.L. Keely,1998175185192Cheng, W., C.H. Liu, D.F. Yan and J.C. Chen,2002Litopenaeus vannamei in relation to size and molt stage.]]>211325339Charniaux-Cotton, H. and G. Payen,19881988pp: 279-303pp: 279-303Dallinger, R.,197730273276Engel, D.W. and M. Brouwer,1987Callinectes sapidus: Metallothionein function in metal metabolism.]]>173239251Engel, D.W. and M. Brouwer,1991180447452Fingerman, M.,1997314754Fingerman, M., N. Jackson and R. Nagabhushanam,1998120C343350Gellissen, G., R. Henneke and K.D. Spindler,1991Astacus leptodactylus.]]>47194195Hassall, M. and J.M. Dangerfield,1990Armadillidium vulgare (Isopoda: Oniscidae).]]>59941958Hansen, J.I., T. Mastafa and M. Depledge,1992Carcinus maenas. I. Effects on Na,K-ATPase activity, haemolymph electrolyte concentrations and tissue water contents.]]>114253257Huberman, A.,2000191191208Nagaraju, G.P.C., P.R.Reddy and P.S. Reddy,2004Oziotelphusa senex senex Fabricius (1791).]]>232603612Nagaraju, G.P.C.,20072723954Nonnotte, L., F. Boitel and J.P. Truchot,1993Carcinus maenas.]]>7115691576Rao, M.S., B. Rajitha, E. Pavitra and N. Anjaneyulu,2007Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931).]]>7989992Rao, M.S., B. Rajitha, E. Pavitra and N. Anjaneyulu,2008Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931).]]>7153156Rodriguez, E.M., D.A. Medesani and M. Fingerman,2007146661671Sellos, D., S. Lemoine and A.V. Wormhoudt,1997Penaeus vannamei (Crustacea, Decapoda): Structure, evolution and physiological aspects.]]>407153158Spindler, K.D., R. Hennecke and G. Gellissen,1992Astacus leptodactylus (Nordmann, 1842): II. Hemocyanin and protein synthesis in the midgut gland.]]>85248253Terwilliger, N.B.,199939589599Van Harreveld, A.,193634428432Weber, R.E., A. de Zwaan and A. Bang,1992Mytilus edulis.]]>159131156White, S.L. and P.S. Rainbow,1982Palaeman elegans.]]>895101