International Journal of Botany1811-97001811-9719Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijb.2019.5.13Al-OkbiSahar Y. MohamedDoha A. HamedThanaa E. GabrAhmed M.M. MabrokHoda B. MohammedShaimaa E. SytarOksana 12019151Background and Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver is recognized as the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome that accused for induction of cardiovascular and chronic liver diseases. This research evaluated the protective effect of two varieties of buckwheat seeds; Rubra and Karadag and their calli prepared by biotechnology towards non-alcoholic fatty liver in rat. Materials and Methods: Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of buckwheat seeds and calli were assessed. Metabolic syndrome together with non-alcoholic fatty liver (MF) was induced by maintaining rats on high fructose diet. Daily oral dose of buckwheat seeds and calli (40 mg/rat) were given to 4 different groups during MF induction and compared to MF control rats and control group fed on balanced diet (NC). The experiment continued for 5 weeks. Results:In vitro free radical scavenging activities, total phenolic and flavonols of the calli were shown to be higher than the seeds. In vivo study showed significant dyslipidemia, significant increase in malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transaminase activity and liver fats in MF control group compared to NC. The relative gene expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β1 receptors I in liver as fibrogenic markers was significantly up-regulated in MF control group compared to NC. Treatment with different buckwheat forms produced improvement of the various determined plasma parameters and liver fats with variable degrees. Also, mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 receptors I genes were significantly down-regulated in rats' liver on treatment with buckwheat seeds and calli. Conclusion: Buckwheat seeds and calli showed improvement of fatty liver and fibrogenic biomarkers.]]>Dai, W., L. Ye, A. Liu, S.W. Wen, J. Deng, X. Wu and Z. Lai,20172017Kleiner, D.E.,2018642838Van Herck, M., L. Vonghia and S. Francque,20172017Lonardo, A., S. Sookoian, M. Chonchol, P. Loria and G. Targher,20131951775192Yousef, M.H., A. Al Juboori, A.A. Albarrak, J.A. Ibdah and V. Tahan,20178100107Al-Okbi, S.Y., D.A. Mohamed, T.E. Hamed, A.A. Kassem, S.H. Abd El-Alim and D.M. Mostafa,2017225822832Al-Okbi, S.Y., S.I. Shalaby, D.A. Mohamed, T.E. Hamed and A.M.S. Hussein,20168591599Yilmaz, Y. and F. Eren,2019314346Guo, X.D., Y.J. Ma, J. Parry, J.M. Gao, L.L. Yu and M. Wang,20111698509867Danihelova, M. and E. Sturdik,2012619Sharma, P., A.K. Ghimeray, A. Gurung, C.W. Jin, H.S. Rho and D.H. Cho,201211184190Steadman, K.J., M.S. 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