International Journal of Botany1811-97001811-9719Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijb.2010.194.206Vigna mungo L. Hepper): A Review]]>GoyalSonuKhanSamiullah3201063Breeding programmes to improve nutritious pulse crop have not been commensurate with its role in the Indian diet. Induced mutations have played a great role in increasing world food security, since new food crop varieties embedded with various induced mutations have contributed to the significant increase of crop production. Though, the crop improvement work on urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) has been in progress for several years at various state Agriculture universities and ICAR institutes in India, the programmes lacked systematic and coordinated efforts. It was only after 1967 that the crop along with other pulses started receiving thrust under the All India Coordinated Programme on Improvement of Pulses (AICPIP). Plant breeding requires genetic variation of useful traits for crop improvement. Mutagenic agents, such as radiations and certain chemicals, can be used to induced mutations and generate variation from which desired mutants may be selected.]]>Ahloowalia, B.S. and M. Maluszynski,2001Euphytica,118167173Ahmad, S. and M.B.E. Godward,1981Cicer arietinum L. II. Differences in the number of chromosome aberrations at the same dose.]]>Environ. Exp. Bot.,21143151Ahmad, Q.N., E.F. Britten and D.E. Byth,1984Can. J. Genet. Cytol.,265056Ahmad, Q.N., E.J. Britten and D.E. Byth,1977J. Hered.,68360364Ahmad, S.,1978Cicer arietinum.]]>Radiation studies in cultivas of Cicer arietinum.1978Akbar, M., M. Dnoue and H. Hasequwa,1976Avena sativa L.) after various mutagen treatments.]]>Crop. Sci.,4163167Al-Achkar, W., L. Sabatier, and B. Dutrillaux,1989Ann. Genet.,321015Ali, M. and S. Kumar,2006Pulses production in India: Present status and future strategies.2006Arulbalachandran, D. and L. Mullainathan,2009vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) derived by gamma rays and EMS.]]>J. Phytol.,1236241Auerbach, C. and J.M. Robson,1942Drosophila.]]>Experiments on the action of mustard gas in Drosophila.1942Badami, P.S. and J.K. Bhalla,1992Plant Sci.,5534541Badr, A. and A.G. Ibrahim,1987Allium cepa and Vicia faba root meristems.]]>Cytologia,52293302Basu, S.K., S.N. Acharya and J.E. Thomas,2008Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) through EMS induced mutation breeding for higher seed yield under Western Canada Prairie conditions.]]>Euphytica,160249258Beadle, G.W.,1932Mol. Gen. Genet. MGG.,63195217Bhat, T.A., A.H. Khan and S. Parveen,2005Vicia faba L.]]>J. Ind. Bot. Soc.,844548Bhatnagar, S.M.,1984Int. Chickpea Newsl.,111717Bione, N.C.P., M.S. Pagliarini and L.A. De-Almeida,2002Glycine max (L.) Merrill) associated with total absence of sister chromatid cohesiveness.]]>Cytologia,67177183Blixt, S. and W. Gottschalk,1975Agric. Hortic. Genet.,333385Blixt, S.,1970Agric. Hortic. Genet.,2855116Caetano-Pereira, C.M. and M.S. Pagliarini,1997Cytologia,62351355Caetano-Pereira, C.M., M.S. Pagliarini, E.M. Brasil and E.N. Martins,1995Maydica,40325330Chaturvedi, S.N. and V.P. Singh,1981Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.]]>Acta Botanica Indica,98287Chaudhary, R.K.,1983Wheat Inform. Service,572123Chaudhry, M.A.,1988Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivar.]]>Radiosensitivity of different mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivar.1988Consolaro, M.E.L., M. S. Pagliarini and L.J. Chaves,1996Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Umbelliferae).]]>Cytologia,61375381Das, S.V. and S. Chakraborty,1998Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).]]>Plant Sci.,11271273Deepalakshmi, A.J. and C.R.A. Kumar,2003Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Madras Agric. J.,90485489Defani-Scoarize, M.A., M.S. Pagliarini and C.G. Aguiar,1995Cytologia,60311318Defani-Scoarize, M.A., M.S. Pagliarini and C.G. Aguiar,1995Maydica,40319324Dewald, G. and S.M. Jalal,1974Andropogan scoparius and A. gerardi.]]>Cytologia,39215223Dhanavel, D., P. Pavadai, L. Mullainathan, D. Mohana, G. Raju, M. Girija and C. Thilagavathi,2008Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp).]]>Afr. J. Biotechnol.,741164117Dixit, P. and D.K. Dubey,1986Lens culinaris Med.) var. T. 36.]]>Indian J. Genet.,46501505Ehrenberg, L.,1960Genetica Agraria,12364389Erikisson, G.,1968Studia Forestalia Suecica,63121132Fahmy, O.G. and M.J. Fahmy,1957Drosophila melanogaster.]]>Nature,177996997Farooq, S.A.F. and J. Nizam,1979Indian J. Bot.,21216Freese, E.,1963Molecular Mechanism of Mutations.1963pp: 207-269pp: 207-269Fried, M.,1969A report on the programme of the joint FAO/IAEA division of atomic energy in food and agriculture.1969Gates, R.R.,1908Oenothera rubrinervis.]]>Bot. Gazette,46134Gates, R.R.,1911Oenothera gigas.]]>Ann. Bot.,25909940Gaul, H.,1964Rad. Bot.,4155232Gaulden, M.E.,1987Mutagenisis,2357365Gautam, A.S., K.C. Sood and A.K. Ricarria,1992Vigna mungo L.).]]>Cytologia,578589Geeta, K. and P. Vaidyanathan,2000Agric. Sci. Digest,203335Geeta, K. and P. Vaidyanthan,1997J. Cytol. Genet.,321720Gelin, O., L. Ehrenburg and S. Blixt,1958Agric. Hortic. Genet.,1678102Golubovskaya, I.N.,1989Adv. Genet.,26149192Goswami, L.C.,1980Vigna mungo (Linn) Hepper.]]>Genetica Agraria,34299311Goyal, S. and S. Khan,2009Vigna mungo induced by ethylmethane sulphonate and hydrazine hydrate.]]>Thai J. Agric. Sci.,42117182Goyal, S., S. Khan, S. Alka and R. Perveen,2009Indian J. Applied Pure Biol.,24125128Gregory, W.C.,1955Arachis hypogea L.).]]>Agron. J.,47396399Grover, I.S. and G.S. Virk,1984Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).]]>Acta Botanica Indica,12138147Grover, I.S. and S.K. Tejpaul,1982Acta Botanica Indica,10210216Grover, S.I. and G.S. Virk,1986Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).]]>Acta Botanica Indica,14170180Gumber, R.K., S. Singh and K. Singh,1965ICPN.,288Gupta, P.K. and Yashvir,1975Setaria italica Beaur). I Chlorophyll mutations induced by gamma rays, EMS and dES.]]>Theor. Appl. Genet.,45242249Gustafsson, A.,1947Hereditas,331100Gustafsson, A.,1960Chemische Mutagenese Abhl. Dtsch. Wiss. Berl.11440Harlan, J.R. and J.M.J. De-Wet,1975Bot. Rev.,41361390Hemavathy, A.T. and G.R. Ravindran,2006Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Madras Agric. J.,92325327Hepziba, S.J. and M. Subramanian,1994Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Ann. Agric. Res.,15512512Heslop-Harrison, J.,1966Ann. Bot.,30221234Heslot, H.,1977Rewiew of Main Mutagenic Compounds in Manual on Mutation Breeding.2nd Edn.,pp: 57-58pp: 57-58Kalia, C.S., M.P. Singh and S.K. Kumdalia,1981Cicer arietinum L.).]]>Pulse Crop. Newslett.,11919Khalatkar, A.S. and C.R. Bhatia,1975Radiat. Bot.,15223229Khan, S. and S. Goyal,2009Afr. J. Plant Sci.,3174180Khan, A.A., M.Y.K. Ansari, T. Khursheed and N. Kalra,1998Vicia faba L.).]]>Adv. Plant Sci.,11121125Khan, I.A. and M. Hashim,1979Phaseolus aureus Roxb.]]>Indian J. Bot.,2107110Khan, I.A.,1979Phaseolus aureus Roxb.).]]>J. Cytol. Genet.,14142145Khan, M.H. and S.D. Tyagi,2009Glycine max (L.) Merrill).]]>Front. Agric. China,3397401Khan, M.H. and S.D. Tyagi,2009Glycine max (L.) Merrill.]]>Front. Agric. Chin.,3253258Khan, M.H. and S.D. Tyagi,2010Glycine max (L.) Merrill).]]>J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci.,25558Khan, M.N.,1988Vigna mungo L. Hepper).]]>Induced mutagenesis in blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper).1988Khan, M.N.,1999Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Adv. Plant Sci.,12203205Khan, S.,1990Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).]]>Studies on chemical mutagenesis in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).1990Khan, S.,2002Studies on the differential chemosensitivity in microsperma and macrosperma lentils.2002Khan, S. and B.A. Siddiqui,1987Vigna mungo L.).]]>Indian J. Bio Res.,3216217Khan, S. and B.A. Siddiqui,1995Thai. J. Agric. Sci.,28113124Khan, S. and M.R. Wani,2004VEGETOS,171520Khan, S. and M.R. Wani,2005Adv. Plant Sci.,18533535Khan, S. and M.R. Wani,2006Indian J. Pulses Res.,195052Khan, S., B.A. Siddiqui and M. Nadeem,1994Adv. Plant. Sci.,74145Khan, S., B.A. Siddiqui and M.U. Rehman,1999J. Cytol. Genet.,347578Khan, S., M.R. Wani and K. Parveen,2004Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek.]]>Pak. J. Bot.,36845850Khan, S., M.R. Wani, M. Bhat and K. Parveen,2005Cicer arietinum L.).]]>Int. J. Agric. Biol.,7764767Khan, S., M.U. Rehman, B.A. Siddiqui and S.A. Azad,1998Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.]]>J. Indian Bot. Soc.,77143145Khanna, V.K.,1991Indian J. Pulses Res.,413Khanna, V.K. and N. Maherchandani,1981Haryana Agric. Univ. J. Res.,11421423Kharakwal, M.C.,1981ICAR Pulse Crop Newslett.,134Kharakwal, M.C.,1998Cicer arietinum L.) II. Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations.]]>Indian J. Genet.,58456474Kharakwal, M.C.,1981ICAR Pulse Crop Newslett.,134Khazanehdari, K.A. and G.H. Jones,1997Allium ampeloprasum spp. porrum): Implications for fertility, quality and uniformity.]]>Euphytica,93313319Kleinhofs, A., C. Sander, R.A. Nilan and C.F. Konzak,1974Azide mutagenecity-mechanism and nature of mutants produced.1974Koduru, P.R.K. and M.K. Rao,1981Theor. Applied Genet.,59197214Koli, N.R. and K. Ramkrishna,2002Trigonella foenumgraecum L.).]]>Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed.,62365366Konzak, C.F., R.A. Nilan, J. Wagner and R.J. Foster,1965Radiat. Bot.,54970Kumar, A. and M.N. Mishra,20042 populations of urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Adv. Plant Sci.,17475478Kundu, S.K. and D.P. Singh,1982Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Madras Agric. J.,69644646La Fleur, J.D. and S.M. Jalal,1972Bromus inermis Leyrss population.]]>Cytologia,37747757Lal, G.M., B. Toms and S.S. Lal,2009Asian J. Agric. Sci.,1911Lamprechet, H.,1956Pisum.]]>Agric. Hortic. Genet.,14161176Levan, A.,1945Nature,156751752Loveless, A.,1959Escherichia coli phage system.III. Mutation of T-2 bacteriophage as a consequence of alkylation in vitro. The uniqueness of ethylation.]]>Proc. Roy. Soc. Ser. B,150497508Manapure, P., S. Patil, H.S. Bhoyar and B. Pillai,1998Vigna mungo).]]>J. Soils Crops,8204206Mansour, K.S.,1994Lens esculenta, Trigonella foenum graecum and Vicia faba.]]>Egypt. J. Bot.,348192Mehraj-ud-din, B.A. Siddiqui, S. Khan and M.U. Rehman,1999Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek): Efficiency and effectiveness of chemical mutagens.]]>Legume Res.,22245248Micke, A. and W.K. Swiecicki,1988Proceedings of the 5th International Lupin Conference Poznan,1988pp: 110127Mitra, P.K. and G. Bhowmik,1996Nigella sativa induced by gamma rays and EMS.]]>J. Cytol. Genet.,31205215Mitra, P.K. and G. Bhowmik,1999Nigella sativa L.]]>Adv. Plant Sci.,12125129Moraes-Fernandes, M.I.R.,1982Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras.,1711171191Muller, H.J.,1927Science,668487Nerker, Y.S.,1970Lathyrus sativus with special reference to elimination of neurotoxic principle.]]>Studies on the induction of mutations in Lathyrus sativus with special reference to elimination of neurotoxic principle.1970Nerker, Y.S.,1976Lathyrus sativus.]]>Indian J. Genet.,36323329Ochlker, S.,1946Boil. Zentra.,65176186Pagliarini, M.S.1990Aptenia cordifolia (Aizoaceae).]]>Caryologia,13157162Pagliarini, M.S. and M.A.S. Pereira,1992Pilocarpus pennatifolius Lem. (Rutaceae).]]>Cytologia,57231235Pagliarini, M.S., M.B. Pissinatti and N. Silva,1993Chlorophylum comosum (Liliaceae).]]>Cytologia,58433437Parveen, K.,2006Cicer arietinum L.).]]>Mutation studies with early generation selection for polygenic variability in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).2006Pawar, S.E. and J.G. Manjaya,1996Proceedings of 2nd International Crop Science Congress on Crop Ptoductivity and Sustainability-Shaping the Future,1996pp: 258258Puneglov, J.W.,1968Tropical Crops: Dicotyledons.Rao, A.S., S.P. Rao and M.K. Jana,1975J. Heredity,66388389Rao, N.B. and N. Laxmi,1980Capsicum annum L.]]>Caryologia,33509518Rao, P.N., P. Kanganadhaam and A. Nirmala,1990Genetica,81221227Rao, P.N. and R.N. Rao,1977Theor. Applied Genet.,50247252Rapoport, I.A.,1946Dokl. Acad. Sci. USSR.,546567Rapoport, I.A.,1966Peculiarities and Mechanisms of Action of Supermutagens.pp: 9-23pp: 9-23Rehman, M.U.,2000Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Studies on the induced mutagenesis in urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).2000Risueno, M.C., G. Gimenez-Martin, J.P. Lopez-Saez and M.I.R. Garcia,1969Cytologia,34262272Salim, A.R., H. Hussain and E.J. Shawaf,1974Pisum sativum L. II. Effect on M1 generation, seedling height and fertility.]]>Egypt J. Genet. Cytol.,3172179Sareen, S. and A.K. Kaul,1999Plantago Ovata Forsk.]]>Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed.,59334337Sarvell, P.,1958Gossypium.]]>Cytologia,231424Sato, M. and H. Gaul,1967Radiation. Bot.,7710Selvaraj, R. and S. Jayakumar,2004Helianthus annuus L.) Cv. Morden.]]>Madras Agric. J.,91206210Shah, D., R.R. Singh and A. Kaur,1992Vigna mungo.]]>Acta Botanica Indica,20300302Shaikh, M.A.Q., Z.U. Ahmed, M.A. Majid and M.A. Wadud,1982Cicer arietinum L.) derived through mutation breeding.]]>Environ. Exp. Bot.,22483489Sharma, R., V.P. Singh., A. Srivastava and S.K. Sharma,1995J. Indian Bot. Soc.,748384Sharma, R.P.,1970Indian J. Genet.,30180186Sharma, S.K. and B. Sharma,1981Indian J. Agric. Sci.,51619622Sharma, S.K. and B. Sharmam,1981Indian J. Agric. Sci.,51619622Singh, A.K.,2007Madras Agric. J.,94713Singh, O.,1988Cicer arietinum L.).]]>Induced mutations and cytogenetic studies in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.).1988Singh, R.B., B.D. Singh, R.M. Singh and V. Laxmi,1978Indian J. Genet.,38380389Singh, S.,1983Lens culinaris Medik).]]>Induced interchanges and mutations in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik).1983Singh, S.,1988Pisum sativum L.).]]>A study on induced mutations using physical and chemical mutagens in pea (Pisum sativum L.).1988Singh, V.P. and R.D.S. Yadev,1991Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).]]>J. Genet. Plant Breed.,4515Singh, V.P. and S.N. Chaturvedi,1980Vigna radiata.]]>Genet. Agrar.,34331348Singh, V.P., M. Singh and J.P. Pal,1999Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed.,59203203Singh, S.P., N.K. Singh, R.P. Singh and J.P. Prasad,2006Indian J. Pulses Res.,195355Singh, S.P., R.P. Singh, J.P. Prasad, R.K. Agrawal and J.P. Shahi,2006Lens culinaris Medik).]]>Madras Agric. J.,93155159Smith, S.E. and R.P. Murphy,1986Genome,28130137Stadler, L.J.,1928Science,68186187Steffensen, D.,1955Tradescantia with calcium deficiency.]]>Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA.,41155160Steffensen, D.,1956Tradescantia.]]>Genetics,42239252Suganthi, C.P. and V.R.K. Reddy,1992J. Cytol. Genet.,27103114Swaminathan, M.S., V.L. Chopra and S. Bhaskaranl,1962Indian J. Genet.,22192207Thakare, R.G.,1988Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Induced mutants in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).1988Thilagavathi, C. and L. Mullainathan,2009Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>Global J. Mol. Sci.,47679Vandana, S.,1991Studies on mutations nduced by EMS and DES in faba bean: 1. Chlorophyll and sterile mutations.1991Vandana, D. and D.K. Dubey,1988Vicia faba L.]]>FABIS. Newslett.,202529Vandana, S.K. and D.K. dubey,1996Vicia faba L.).]]>J. Indian Bot. Soc.,75237240Vanniarajan, C., P. Vivekanandan and J. Ramalingam,19932 generation of blackgram.]]>Crop Improve.,20215218Vanniarajan, C., P. Vivekanandan and J. Ramalingam,1996Crop Res.,11341346Vanniarajan, C., P. Vivekanandan, J. Ramalingam and M. Arumugampillai,19941 generation of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).]]>J. Mendel.,112526Veilleux, R.E.,1985Plant Breed. Rev.,3253288Venkatachalam, D. and J. Jayabalan,1995Arachis hypogea L.).]]>Cytol. Genet.,30163168Verma, R.P., G.K. Srivastava and G. Kumar,1999Lens culinaris.]]>J. Cytol. Genet.,344956Vinita, S., G. Kumar and P. Kumar,2004Cicer arietinum L.]]>J. Cytol. Genet.,52126Vyas, G.D. and G.S. Chauhan,1994Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.]]>J. Indian Bot. Soc.,73125126Wani, M.R.,2007Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).]]>Studies on the induction of mutations in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).2007Wani, M.R. and S. Khan,2006Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.]]>Egypt. J. Biol.,816Wani, M.R.,2003Studies on the effect of 2,4-D on Lens culinaris Medik.2003Whelan, E.D.P.,1974Can. J. Bot.,5212191224Yaqoob, M. and A. Rashid,2001Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) cultivars.]]>J. Biol. Sci.,1805808Yen, C., J.L. Yang and G.L. Sun,1993Roegeneria ciliares (Trin) Nevski with Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng.]]>Cytologia,58187193Zanella, C.C, M.H. Bodanese-Zanettini, M.I.B. Moraes-Fernandes and D.M. Zinn,1991Rev. Bras. Genet.,1410211032Tah, P.R.,2006Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek).]]>Int. J. Bot.,2219228