International Journal of Botany1811-97001811-9719Asian Network for Scientific Information10.3923/ijb.2008.349.360Arachis hypogeae L.) Seeds]]>YoussefM.S. El-MaghrabyO.M.O. IbrahimY.M. 4200844Sixty-three species in addition to 3
varieties of 21 genera were isolated from 20 samples of each of untreated
(51 species + 3 varieties of 21 genera and 51.24x103 cfu g-1
dry weight seeds), roasted (28 + 2 of 12 and 11.5x103 cfu)
and roasted with salt (28 + 2 of 7 and 7.5x103 cfu) on dextrose-Czapeks
agar at 28 °C using dilution-plate method. The dominant fungal genera
with their respective species on three types of seeds were Aspergillus
(A. niger, A. flavus and A. ficuum), Penicillium
(P. citrinum) and Fusarium (F. oxysporum). Based
on biological, TLC, spectrophotometeric and ELISA assays, fourteen samples
(23.3%) out of 60 tested proved to be toxic with different mycotoxins;
aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxins, diacetoxyscirpenol and zearalenone.
Also, mycoflora and myctoxins of six cultivars, widely cultivated in Upper
Egypt were studied as pre-storage and post-storage in normal store for
3, 6, 12 and 24 months. A total of 28 species belonging to 14 genera were
identified on dextrose-Czapeks agar medium (25 species of 12 genera)
and cellulose-Czapeks agar medium (24 of 12) using dilution-plate method
at 28 °C. Aspergillus (A. niger, A. flavus and
A. fumigatus), Fusarium (F. oxysporum) and
Penicillium (P. citrinum) were the most prevalent fungal genera
and species and their counts increased with lengthening of storage period.
Cultivars were non-toxic, but toxins production appeared after 12 and
24 months of storage on two and three cultivars, respectively.]]>Abdel-Hafez, S.I.I., I.A. El-Kady, M.B. Mazen and O.M.O. El-Maghraby,1992191105Al-Abssy, A.A.,20022002Al-Doory, Y.,19801st Edn.,pp: 410pp: 410AOAC.,19841984Bean, G.A., J.A. Schilinger and W.I. Klaman,1972Aspergillus species in soybean.]]>24437439Bean, G.A., B.B. Jarvis and M.B. Aboul-Nasr,1992Myrothecium species produced macrocyclic trichothecenes.]]>119175180Booth, C.,1971Fusarium.]]>Pages: 237Pages: 237Booth, C.,1977Fusarium Laboratory Guide to the Identification of the Major Species.]]>1st Edn.,pp: 58pp: 58Chisholm, F.V. and P.L. Coates-Beckford,199774121127Christensen, C.M. and K.P. Raper,1978Aspergillus nidulans group species and related Emericella species.]]>71177191Christensen, C.M.,19911991pp: 99pp: 99Costa, L.L.F. and V.M. Scussel,2002Phaseolus vulgaris L.) classes black and color cultivated in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.]]>33138144Craufurd, P.Q., P.V.V. Prasad, F. Waliyar and A. Taheri,2006Aspergillus infection and aflatoxin contamination on peanut in Niger.]]>982029Creppy, E.E.,20021271928D'Mello, J.P.F.,20032003pp: 65-90pp: 65-90Domsch, K.H., W. Gams and T.H. Anderson,1980Vol. 1,Pages: 859Pages: 859Dorner, J.W.,19981998El-Kady, I.A. and M.S. Youssef,199333371378El-Maghraby, O.M.O. and S.S.M. El-Maraghy,1987Arachis hypogeae L.) seeds in Egypt. I-Sugar fungi and natural occurrence of mycotoxins.]]>98165170El-Maghraby, O.M.O. and S.S.M. El-Maraghy,1988Arachis hypogeae L.) seeds in Egypt. II-Cellulose-decomposing and mycotoxins-producing fungi.]]>1041924El-Maghraby, O.M.O., I.A. El-Kady and S.A. Soliman,1995Fusarium toxins of three types of corn grains in Egypt with special reference to production of trichothecene-toxins.]]>150225232El-Maghraby, O.M.O.,199654959El-Maraghy, S.S.M. and O.M.O. El-Maghraby,1986Helianthus annus L.) seeds in Egypt. II- Sterigmatocystin production by thermophilic (or thermotolerant) fungi.]]>2019Eriksen, G.S. and J. Alexander,1998Fusarium toxins in cereals-A risk assessment.]]>502727Eriksen, G.S. and H. Pettersson,2004114205234EU, Commission Regulation,20022002FAO,20062006Farber, J.M. and G.W. Sanders,1986Fusarium moniliforme.]]>51381384Foldes,T., I. Banhegyi, Z. Herpai, I. Varga and J. Szigeti,2000Bacillus subtilis strains from rhizosphere of cereals and in vitro screening for antagonism against phytopathogenic, food-borne pathogenic and spoilage micro-organisms.]]>89840846Gathumbi, J.K., E. Usleber and E. Mrtlbauer,200132349351Ghitakou, S., K. Koutras, E. Kanellou and P. Markaki,20061 and ochratoxin A production by natural microflora and Aspergillus parasiticus in black and green olives of Greek origin.]]>23612621Gimeno, A.,197662579585Goncalez, E., J.H.C. Nogueira, H. Fonseca, J.D. Felicio, F.A. Pino and B. Correa,2008123184190Horn, B.W. and R.L. Greene,1995Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. tamarii from peanut field.]]>85324332Horn, B.W., R.L. Greene and J.W. Dorner,1995Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus in Southwestern Georgia.]]>6124722475Jarvis, B.B., Y.W. Lee, S.N. Comezoglu and C.S. Yatawara,1986Stachybotrys atra from Eastern Europe.]]>51915918Johnson, L.F. and E.A. Curl,19721st Edn.,pp: 187pp: 187Klich, M.A.,2002Aspergillus species.]]>1st Edn.pp: 122pp: 122Korpinen, E.L.,1974Stachybotrys alternans: I- Comparison of rabbit skin, mouse fibroblast culture and brine shrimp tests as detectors of Stachybotrys toxins.]]>82465469Kumar, V., M.S. Basu and T.P. Rajendran,200827891905Kurtzman, C.P., B.W. Horn and C.W. Hesseltine,1987Aspergillus nomius, a new aflatoxin-producing species related to Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii.]]>53147158Mitterbauer, R., H. Weindrofer, N. Safaie, R. Krska and M. Lemmens et al.,200369805811Moubasher, A.H.,19931st Edn.,Pages: 566Pages: 566Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A., T. Petkova-Bocharova, I.N. Chernozemsky and M. Castegnaro,200219282302Pitt, J.I.,1979Penicillium and its Teleomorphic States, Eupenicillium and Talaromyces.]]>1st Edn.,Pages: 634Pages: 634Pitt, J.I.,1991Penicillium Species.]]>Pages: 187Pages: 187Raper, K.B. and D.I. Fennel,1977Aspergillus.]]>Pages: 686Pages: 686Richard, J.L.,2007119310Rodriguez, V.M.L., D.M.M. Calonge and E.D. Ordonez,20031 in raw cow's milk.]]>20276280Samson, R.A., V.R. Hoeckstra, J.C. Frisvad and O. Filtenborg,20026th Edn.pp: 389pp: 389Schollenberger, M., H.M. Muller, M. Rufle, S. Suchy, S. Plank and W. Drochner,2006Fusarium toxins in grains and feedstuffs of plant origin from Germany.]]>1614352Serra, R., L. Abrunhosa, Z. Kozakiewicz and A. Venancio,2003Aspergillus species as ochratoxin A producers in Portuguese wine grapes.]]>886368Sinha, B.K., K.S. Rajan and T.N. Panday,199983138Summerell, B.A., B. Salleh and J.F. Leslie,2003Fusarium identification.]]>87117128Takitani, S., Y. Asaba, T. Kato, M. Suzuki and Y. Ueno,1979172335342USDA, RMA,20052005Vesonder, R.F.,1986Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans isolated from swine feed.]]>95149152Wagacha, J.M. and J.W. Muthomi,2008124112WHO,20062006Wu, F.,20043840494055Youssef, M.S.,19871987