European Journal of Dentistry and Medicine1996-3378xxxx-xxxxAcademic Journals Inc.10.3923/ejdm.2016.12.16Malus domestica Fruit Extracts Against Clinically Isolated Dental Pathogens]]>SunilsonJ. Anbu Jeba KumariA.V. Anita Gnana KhanAbdullah AnandarajagopalK. 1-3201681-3Background and Objective: Medicinal plants have a vital role in the development of novel antimicrobial agents. The fruit Malus domestica is known as apple and commonly used to prevent tooth decay by killing dental pathogens. However, there were no scientific reports about the fruits of Malus domestica having antimicrobial activity against dental pathogens. The aim of this study was to extract the active constituents present in the fruits of Malus domestica by cold maceration method using petroleum ether, ethanol and water. Methodology: The antibacterial activity was assessed by cup plate method against five isolated dental pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus subtilis, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp. and the radial zone of inhibition was measured. Results: The results revealed that the ethanol extract (100 mg mL1) has more potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. mutans and Pseudomonas sp., followed by aqueous extract (100 mg mL1) whereas, petroleum ether extract (100 mg mL1) has not shown any zone of inhibition against the tested microorganisms. All the results were compared with standard drug chlorhexidine 0.2% w/v. Conclusion: Hence, the study concludes that Malus domestica fruit extracts possess significant (p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05) antibacterial activity against dental pathogens. The phyto chemical tests on ethanol extract showed the presence of bioactive constituents such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and tannins which could be responsible for the antibacterial activity of M. domestica fruit.]]>Janine, B.,20102010pp: 36-39pp: 36-39Kornman, K.S. and W.J. Robertson,198556443446Vermani, A., Navneet and Prabhat,2009Quercus infectoria gall extracts as anti-bacterial agents against dental pathogens.]]>20337339Saleem, M., M. Nazir, M.S. Ali, H. Hussain, Y.S. Lee, N. Riaz and A. Jabbar,201027238254Adebolu, T.T. and S.A. Oladimeji,2005Ocimum gratissimum on selected diarrhoea causing bacteria in Southwestern Nigeria.]]>4682684Sheeba, E.,2010Solanum surattense Burm. F.]]>614Elizabeth, K.M.,2005Terminalia bellerica.]]>20150153Alberto, M.R., M.A.R. Canavosio and M.C.M. de Nadra,20069205209Hagen, S.F., G.I.A. Borge, G.B. Bengtsson, W. Bilger, A. Berge, K. Haffner and K.A. Solhaug,2007Malus domestica Borkh., cv. Aroma): Effect of postharvest UV-B irradiation.]]>45110Boyer, J. and R.H. Liu,20042004Fratianni, F., A. Sada, L. Cipriano, A. Masucci and F. Nazzaro,2007Malus domestica, Annurca.]]>11016Sunilson, J.A.J., K. Anandarajagopal, A.V.A.G. Kumari and S. Mohan,2009Melastoma malabathricum Linn.]]>71691695Sakazaki, R.S.T.,1986Vibro Species as Causative Agent of Food-Borne Infection.]]>1986pp: 123-151pp: 123-151Cheesborough, M.,20062006pp: 63-87pp: 63-87Rashmika, P.P.,2011Corchorus aestuans Linn.]]>2228230Phatak, A.A., R.D. Patankar, U.C. Galgatte, S.Y. Paranjape, A.S. Deshpande, A.K. Pande and R. Thombre,20112533539Iroha, I.R., A.E. Oji, O.K. Nwosu, E.S. Amadi2011®, Izal® and Z-Germicide® against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wards.]]>33235Krishnaiah, D., T. Devi, A. Bono and R. Sarbatly,200936772Ahmad, I., Z. Mehmood and F. Mohammad,199862183193Cushnie, T.P.T. and A.J. Lamb,200526343356Subedi, A., M.P. Amatya, T.M. Shrestha, S.K. Mishra and B.M. Pokhrel,2012Machilus odoratissima.]]>87380Akiyama, H., K. Fujii, O. Yamasaki, T. Oono and K. Iwatsuki,2001Staphylococcus aureus.]]>48487491Chung, P.Y., P. Navaratnam and L.Y. Chung,2011Staphylococcus aureus strains.]]>2011Seyyednejad, S.M., S. Maleki, N.M. Damabi and H. Motamedi,2008Prunus mahaleb and Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) against some pathogen.]]>15155Safary, A., H. Motamedi, S. Maleki and S.M. Seyyednejad,2009Quercus brantii against bacterial pathogens, particularly enteric pathogens.]]>5176180Rao, A.S., A.K. Nayanatara, S.R. Kaup, S. Arjun and B.A. Kumar et al.,2011Cynodon dactylon.]]>228892893Souza, A.B., C.H. Martins, M.G.M. Souza, N.A.J.C. Furtado and V.C.G. Heleno et al.,2011Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. against cariogenic bacteria.]]>25215220Solis, C., J. Becerra, C. Flores, J. Robledo and M. Silva,2004Pilgerodendron uviferum (D. Don) Florin.]]>49157161